Effects of Amentoflavone on Anti-inflammation and Cytoprotection

Background: This study aims to investigate the ability of naringenin to regulate the expression of nuclear factor-кB, the upper gene of lipopolysaccharide-induced SIRT1; regulate signal transduction in the extracellular matrix, which plays an important role in the dermis; and alter the matrix metalloproteinase 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 3 gene expression, therefore having suppressing effect on skin cell senescence and deoxyribonucleic acid protection and cell protection effects and confirm naringenin's potential as an important cosmetic ingredient. Methods: The efficacy of naringenin was assessed through reactive oxygen species assay, water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay, nuclear factor-кB luciferase assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Sirt1, which regulates naringenin upstream of the nuclear factor-кB pathway, inhibits nuclear factor-кB activity and decreases matrix metalloproteinase expression level and SIRT1 gene dose-dependently. The results confirmed naringenin had an anti-aging effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced skin senescence. Various age-related biomarkers were used to analyze the inhibitory effect naringenin had on cell senescence progress and oxidative activity. Further experiments also showed naringenin also acted on NADPH oxidase, which produces superoxide (O2-), resulting in inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity. Experimental results reported that naringenin regulated the activity of SIRT1, which is the cause of modern skin cell aging, and in turn had a regenerative effect on reactive oxygen species-induced skin cellular senescence which affects skin elasticity and wrinkles.Conclusions: This study confirmed that naringenin inhibits cellular senescence and regenerates human dermal fibroblasts damaged by lipopolysaccharide, and suggests that naringenin will be a cosmetic ingredient that has cell regenerative effects and anti-aging effects.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of naringenin on LPS-induced skin senescence by SIRT1 regulation in HDFs

Lim

Kim

2018

“…MMP1 and MMP9 are enzymes which decompose type I collagen constituting 85% of collagen in the dermis, and it is TIMP1 enzyme which hinders MMP1 and MMP9 (Enjoji et al 2000;Fisher et al 1999). With its complicated mechanism, TIMPs control MMP activity, and when the balance between them is lost, it sometimes leads to tumor, and it has been reported that its gene expression increases through epidermal growth factor (EGF), TNF-α, IL-1, and TGF-β (Birkedal-Hansen 1993; Lee et al 2016;Jang and Lee 2016).…”

Section: Regulation Mechanism Of Ecm Gene Expression Of β-Eudesmolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory and ECM gene expression modulations of β-eudesmol via NF-κB signaling pathway in normal human dermal fibroblasts

Kim¹

2018

Background: β-eudesmol is a kind of aromatic compound belonging to sesquiterpenoid which exists within not only the bark of magnolia but also Nardostachys jatamansi, Atractylodes lancea, Pterocarpus santalinus, Ginkgo bilobal, Cryptomeria japonica, etc., and there has been progress in medical and pharmaceutic researches on antitumor, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects; nervous system stabilization; and vasodilator effects, etc., but not in researches on skin cares and cosmetics at all. Therefore, this study pretreated β-eudesmol with human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and then gave oxidative stresses with H 2 O 2 to examine antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and cell preservation effects. Through this process, it proves the possibility of β-eudesmol as cosmetic materials. Methods: This study verified the effectiveness of β-eudesmol through cell viability analysis, reactive oxygen estimation, associated β-galactosidase assay, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) luciferase assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: The cell viability which decreased due to H 2 O 2 increased as per dose-dependent manners of β-eudesmol. Also, at the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantitative analysis and glutathione (GSH) estimation, the relative levels which were changed by H 2 O 2 treatment, showed attenuated or protective transition forms, depending on the concentration of β-eudesmol. Additionally, reduced superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and catalase (CAT) gene expression by H 2 O 2 were increased by β-eudesmol. As the result of the promoter activity analysis of NF-κB which has a key role in inflammation and skin aging, NF-κB activity decreases as β-eudesmol concentration increases, and also this study proves that gene expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) which is a downstream gene of NF-κB related to inflammatory response decreases as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene expression depending on the concentration of β-eudesmol. Conclusions: Through these results, this study suggests there are anti-inflammatory effects by shutting out the NF-κB pathway. Following the results of the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulating gene expression analysis, this study proves that oxidative stress-induced increased MMP1 levels were decreased depending on the concentration of β-eudesmol and verifies that it hinders the collapse of collagen through inhibition of transcriptional activity of NF-κB. From the result of β-eudesmol regulating tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 gene expression which hinders matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), activation and alteration of gene expression of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) underpins the above consequences. Through this research, it is considered that β-eudesmol as one of natural cosmetic materials with such effects as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and cell preservation is worthy of notice.

“…(Miliani de Marval and Zhang 2011; Lee et al 2016), and it controls expression of genes related with various senescence such as p21 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A), 14-3-σ and GADD45ɑ (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha) which are subordinate targets (Brown et al 1997;Kortlever et al 2006). P21 arrests cell cycle and hinders cell growth through the activity of CDK (Smits and Medema 2001;Gewirtz et al 2008).…”

Section: Dna Repair Effect Of Geniposidic Acid On Hacat Against Uvbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preservation effects of geniposidic acid on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) against UVB

Lee

2018

Background: Geniposidic acid is a natural compound affiliated with iridoid glycoside which is contained in various plants such as Gardenia seeds, Eucommia bark, and Psyllium, and it is known that it has such effects as anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, suppression of stress, improvement of immune system, and relief of liver injury. However, there is a lack of research on action of geniposidic acid in dermal cells, so this research verifies effects of geniposidic acid on preservation of human keratinocytes, anti-oxidation, and DNA repair and finds out its mechanism.