Effects of ambient air pollution in open‐top chambers on bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.)

Schenone, G.; Botteschi, G.; Fumagalli, I.; Montinaro, F.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb00098.x

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As a result of the lower number of unripe fruits and the significant decrease in the ripeness rate, the total number of mature fruits was reduced in all tomato cultivars in the NF+ treatment, and in Nikita in the NF treatment. This reduction in total ripe fruit number in Nikita plants (24%) exposed to environmental-level ozone concentrations is quite similar to that obtained for the total number of bean pods (Schenone et al 1992). The reduction in the total number of ripe fruits is also consistent with other crop results: watermelon (Gimeno et al 1999); beans (Ribas and Peñuelas 2000) and cucumber (Khan and Khan 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ozone Sensitivity Differences in Five Tomato Cultivars: Visible Injury and Effects on Biomass and Fruits

Calvo

Martin

Sanz

2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Five tomato cultivars (Nikita, Ailsa Craig, Moneymaker, UC 82 L and Piedmont) were exposed in open-top chambers to three ozone treatments: charcoal-filtered air (F); non-filtered air (NF); and non-filtered air plus 70 ppb ozone (NF+, 8 h, 133 days). Ozone-specific visible symptoms were recorded for all cultivars in the NF and NF+ treatments. All cultivars showed a reduction of root biomass in the NF+ treatment, root-biomass reductions were also observed in the NF treatment in Nikita (29%) and UC 82 L (33%). Four cultivars from the NF+ treatment showed reductions in aboveground dry biomass (25-50%). The sensitive cultivar Nikita also decreased its aboveground dry biomass (28%) at the end of crop cultivation in the NF treatment. Crop production showed generalized reductions in the total number of ripe and unripe fruits in the NF+ treatment (53-73%), with Nikita presenting a 24% decrease in the total number of ripe fruits in the NF treatment as well. A decreased ripeness rate was detected in all cultivars in NF+ and in three cultivars in the NF treatment (Nikita, Moneymaker and Piedmont). The effect of ozone on total crop production (kg m −2 ) was more important in the early harvest (50-63%) than in the late harvest. The ozone doses in the NF+ treatment affected fruit quality in all cultivars with the exception of Piedmont. Nikita and Ailsa Craig also showed fruit quality changes in the NF treatment. Nikita seems to be an ozonesensitive cultivar, UC 82 L and Piedmont are more ozone-tolerant and the other two cultivars are in an intermediate position.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ozone Sensitivity Differences in Five Tomato Cultivars: Visible Injury and Effects on Biomass and Fruits

Calvo

Martin

Sanz

2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…n et al, 1996). Moreover, there are reports that several irrigated crop species develop O $ -like visible symptoms of injury in the field (Velissariou et al, 1992(Velissariou et al, , 1996Gimeno et al 1995a,b), but few crop loss assessment studies have been performed (see Schenone et al, 1992). Monitoring data (Milla!…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse effects of ambient ozone on watermelon yield and physiology at a rural site in Eastern Spain

et al. 1999

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The study reported was conducted to establish the impacts of photochemical oxidants (primarily ambient ozone, O $ ) on the yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) at a site on the east coast of Spain. Fruit yield and quality were monitored in plots established in a commercial watermelon field exposed, in open-top chambers (OTCs), to nonfiltered air (NFA ; near-ambient levels of ozone) or charcoal-filtered air (decreased levels of photochemical oxidants including O $ ; CFA), or to ambient air (AA), during the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons. Ambient levels of O $ were found to exceed present UN-ECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ; Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) critical level guidelines for the protection of crop yield by approx. twofold in 1988 and by approx. fivefold in 1989. Plants exposed to NFA and AA developed visible O $ injury on the upper surface of sun-exposed older leaves, and fruit yield (annual marketable fruit weight and number) was found to be depressed in OTCs ventilated with NFA in comparison with those receiving CFA. Consistent with inter-annual variations in O $ exposure, greater yield losses were experienced in 1989 (39%) than in 1988 (19%), an effect mediated predominantly by a decline in fruit number rather than average fruit weight. Exposure to ambient levels of ozone also slightly decreased fruit quality (4-8% decline in soluble solids content). Leaf gas exchange measurements made in the field in 1988 revealed effects of O $ on fruit yield and quality to be associated with a decline in the net CO # assimilation rate per unit leaf area under light saturation (A sat ) and stomatal conductance to water vapour (g s ), and enhanced rates of dark respiration. A\c i curves (where A is the net CO # assimilation rate per unit leaf area and c i is the mole fraction of CO # in the leaf intercellular air space) constructed for plants grown in laboratory-based closed chambers, and exposed to an accumulated O $ exposure similar to that experienced by plants in the field, suggested that the likely cause of the decline in photosynthetic capacity was (1) a decrease in the amount and\or activity of Rubisco and (2) an impaired capacity for regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, which was not mediated through changes in the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F v \F m , where F v is variable chlorophyll a fluorescence and F m is maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence). No shift in the relative stomatal limitation to photosynthesis was observed under the influence of O $ , suggesting that the decline in g s induced by the pollutant in both field and laboratory was the result, and not the cause, of the decrease in A sat . Ozone exposure also caused a decrease in C isotope discrimination (approx. 0.5=), a shift that revealed a departure from predicted theory based on supporting leaf gas exchange measurements. The study demonstrates that ambient levels of photochemical oxidants on the Spanish Mediterranean coast are high enough to adversely influence the yield a...

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“…Exposure to ozone can cause foliar injury, changes in crop quality, reduction in plant growth, productivity, impaired photosynthesis and an accelerated onset of senescence in plants more than all other air pollutants combined (Schenone et al, 1992). Many of the world's most productive agricultural and forested areas are currently exposed to harmful levels of ozone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-exposure of calli to ozone promotes tolerance of regenerated Lycopersicon esculentum cv. PKM1 plantlets against acute ozone stress

Nagendra-Prasad¹,

Sudhakar²,

Murugesan³

et al. 2008

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Effects of ambient air pollution in open‐top chambers on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Ozone Sensitivity Differences in Five Tomato Cultivars: Visible Injury and Effects on Biomass and Fruits

Ozone Sensitivity Differences in Five Tomato Cultivars: Visible Injury and Effects on Biomass and Fruits

Adverse effects of ambient ozone on watermelon yield and physiology at a rural site in Eastern Spain

Pre-exposure of calli to ozone promotes tolerance of regenerated Lycopersicon esculentum cv. PKM1 plantlets against acute ozone stress

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