Effects of ambient air pollution on the prevalence of pneumonia in children: Implication for National Ambient Air Quality Standards in China

Lu, Chan; Deng, Qihong; Yu, Chuck Wah; Sundell, Jan; Ou, Cuiyun

doi:10.1177/1420326x13504423

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A meta-analysis of 10 European birth cohorts within the ESCAPE project detected consistent evidence that the combined adjusted ORs for pneumonia were significantly higher for NO 2 (OR = 1.30 and 95% CI = 1.02-1.65 per 10-μg/m 3 increase in NO 2 ) in early childhood [21]. In 2014, Lu et al reported a significant association between an elevated risk of pneumonia in children and increased levels of NO 2 (OR = 1.157, 95% CI = 1.121-1.195) as well as the episode day (OR = 1.038, 95% CI = 1.024-1.051) [22]. In accordance with our findings, the results of a study conducted in Jinan showed a positive association between the NO 2 concentration and pediatric hospital admission for pneumonia, with a higher mean daily NO 2 concentration (55.2 ± 22.4 μg/m 3 ) than in our study [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of air pollutants on pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Children are especially vulnerable to pneumonia and the effects of air pollution. However, little is known about the impacts of air pollutants on pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of air pollutants on pediatric hospital admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia in Shanghai, China. Methods: A cross-sectional design was applied to explore the association between pediatric hospital admissions and levels of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, particulate matter, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide). Data on hospital admissions for pneumonia and levels of ambient air pollutants were obtained for the period of 2015 to 2018. Associations between pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia and ambient air pollutants were calculated using logistic regression and described by the odds ratio and relevant 95% confidence interval. The hysteresis effects of air pollutants from the day of hospital admission to the previous 7 days were evaluated in single-pollutant models and multi-pollutant models with adjustments for weather variables and seasonality. Lag 0 was defined as the day of hospital admission, lag 1 was defined as the day before hospital admission, and so forth. Results: In the single-pollutant models (without adjustment for other pollutants), pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia were positively associated with elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter. A 0.5% increase in daily admissions per 10-μg/m 3 increase in the nitrogen dioxide level occurred at lag 1 and lag 2, and a 0.3% increase in daily admissions per 10-μg/m 3 increase in fine particulate matter occurred at lag 1. In the multi-pollutant models, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter remained significant after inclusion of particulate matter, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of air pollutants on pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A metaanalysis of 10 European birth cohorts within the ESCAPE project detected consistent evidence that the combined adjusted ORs for pneumonia were significantly higher for NO 2 (OR = 1.30 and 95% CI = 1.02-1.65 per 10-µg/m 3 increase in NO 2 ) in early childhood [21]. In 2014, Lu et al reported a significant association between an elevated risk of pneumonia in children and increased levels of NO 2 (OR = 1.157, 95% CI = 1.121-1.195) as well as the episode day (OR = 1.038, 95% CI = 1.024-1.051) [22]. In accordance with our findings, the results of a study conducted in Jinan showed a positive association between the NO 2 concentration and pediatric hospital admission for pneumonia, with a higher mean daily NO 2 concentration (55.2 ± 22.4 µg/m 3 ) than in our study [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of air pollutants on pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia: A cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Chen

Shi

Huang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Children are especially vulnerable to pneumonia and the effects of air pollution. However, little is known about the impacts of air pollutants on pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia.This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of air pollutants on pediatric hospital admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia in Shanghai, China.Methods A cross-sectional design was applied to explore the association between pediatric hospital admissions and levels of air pollutants (fine particulate matter, particulate matter, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide). Data on hospital admissions for pneumonia and levels of ambient air pollutants were obtained for the period of 2015 to 2018. Associations between pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia and ambient air pollutants were calculated using logistic regression and described by the odds ratio and relevant 95% confidence interval. The hysteresis effects of air pollutants from the day of hospital admission to the previous 7 days were evaluated in single-pollutant models and multi-pollutant models with adjustments for weather variables and seasonality. Lag 0 was defined as the day of hospital admission, lag 1 was defined as the day before hospital admission, and so forth. ResultsIn the single-pollutant models (without adjustment for other pollutants), pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia were positively associated with elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter. A 0.5% increase in daily admissions per 10-μg/m3 increase in the nitrogen dioxide level occurred at lag 1 and lag 2, and a 0.3% increase in daily admissions per 10-μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter occurred at lag 1. In the multi-pollutant models, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter remained significant after inclusion of particulate matter, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide.Conclusions This study illustrated that higher levels of nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter increase the risk of hospitalization for Mycoplasma pneumonia in Shanghai, China. These findings imply that the high incidence of Mycoplasma pneumonia in children in Asia might be attributed to the high concentration of specific air pollutants in Asia. Background 4Pneumonia is the single largest infectious cause of death in children worldwide, accounting for 16% of all deaths of children aged < 5 years and accounting for the deaths of 920,136 children in 2015 [1].Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading causative pathogen of respiratory infections in children, accounting for as many as 30% of cases of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia [2,3,4,5]. In 2012, Miyashita et al. demonstrated that M. pneumoniae was the most prevalent pathogen in children (23%) and adolescents (29%) with community-acquired pneumonia, followed by Haemophilus influenzae (children, 15%; adolescents, 10%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (children, 8%; adolescents, 14%)[6]. In 2018, Liu et al. reported that M. pneumoniae was detected at the highest frequency in pediatric patie...

show abstract

“…The resources and time need to take the actions necessary to reduce air pollutants to levels below health outcome criteria are great, and thus, in lieu certain risk 'elusion' pathways could present an alternative path in mitigating adverse health outcomes attributed to air pollutants (Sharker and Karimi 2013, Lu et al 2014, Zou et al 2014. A first step in this strategy of risk elusion would be the assessment of air pollution exposure in a designated study area (Lebowitz 1995, Chen et al 2001, Zou et al 2009a, Zhou and Deng 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An optimized spatial proximity model for fine particulate matter air pollution exposure assessment in areas of sparse monitoring

Zou¹,

Zheng

Wan

et al. 2015

International Journal of Geographical Information Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

GIS-based proximity models are one of the key tools for the assessment of exposure to air pollution when the density of spatial monitoring stations is sparse. Central to exposure assessment that utilizes proximity models is the 'exposure intensity-distance' hypothesis. A major weakness in the application of this hypothesis is that it does not account for the Gaussian processes that are at the core of the physical mechanisms inherent in the dispersion of air pollutants.Building upon the utility of spatial proximity models and the theoretical reliability of Gaussian dispersion processes of air pollutants, this study puts forward a novel Gaussian weighting function-aided proximity model (GWFPM). The study area and data set for this work consisted of transport-related emission sources of PM 2.5 in the Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land metropolitan area. Performance of the GWFPM was validated by comparing on-site observed PM 2.5 concentrations with results from classical ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation and a robust emission-weighted proximity model (EWPM). Results show that the fitting R 2 between possible exposure intensity calculated by GWFPM and observed PM 2.5 concentrations was 0.67. A variety of statistical evidence (i.e., bias, root mean square error [RMSE], mean absolute error [MAE], and correlation coefficient) confirmed that GWFPM outperformed OK and EWPM in estimating annual PM 2.5 concentrations for all monitoring sites. These results indicate that a GWFPM utilizing the physical dispersing mechanisms integrated may more effectively characterize annual-scale exposure than traditional models. Using GWFPM, receptors' exposure to air pollution can be assessed with sufficient accuracy, even in those areas with a low density of monitoring sites. These results may be of use to public health and planning officials in a more accurate assessment of the annual exposure risk to a population, especially in areas where monitoring sites are sparse. ARTICLE HISTORY

show abstract

Effects of ambient air pollution on the prevalence of pneumonia in children: Implication for National Ambient Air Quality Standards in China

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Impact of air pollutants on pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Impact of air pollutants on pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

Impact of air pollutants on pediatric admissions for Mycoplasma pneumonia: A cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

An optimized spatial proximity model for fine particulate matter air pollution exposure assessment in areas of sparse monitoring

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About