Effects of Aluminum Powder on Ignition Performance of RDX, HMX, and CL-20 Explosives

Mao, Xiaoxiang; Jiang, Luxia; Zhu, Chenguang; Wang, Xiaoming

doi:10.1155/2018/5913216

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Nano-sized metal powders (or metal nanopowders, n-Me) have a stronger effect on the propellant's burning rate in comparison with other catalysts [19]. Metal complexes with energy-saturated ligands are known as accelerators of thermal decomposition and combustion of propellants based on RDX, HMX, and CL-20 [6,[20][21][22]. However, when aluminum is added to such propellant formulations, the catalytic efficiency of the metal complexes decreases [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal complexes with energy-saturated ligands are known as accelerators of thermal decomposition and combustion of propellants based on RDX, HMX, and CL-20 [6,[20][21][22]. However, when aluminum is added to such propellant formulations, the catalytic efficiency of the metal complexes decreases [22]. One of the possible ways to control the burning rate of aluminized propellants with active binders and cyclic nitramines is activation of burning of micron-sized aluminum powders (m-Al) with the nano-aluminum (n-Al) [23,24] and other nanometals addition [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burning Characteristics of the HMX/CL‐20/AP/Polyvinyltetrazole Binder/Al Solid Propellants Loaded with Nanometals

Sergienko

Popenko

Slyusarsky

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The paper investigated the effect of metal nanopowders additive on the combustion properties of HMX/CL‐20/AP/polyvinyltetrazole binder/Al propellants. Using thermal analysis, the authors described the effect of aluminum, boron, zinc, nickel, copper, and molybdenum and identified the combustion in a pressure range from 4 to 10 MPa with a pressure step of 1 MPa. No significant correlation between the oxidation properties of the n‐Me powders and the combustion properties of propellants was discovered. An addition of nanopowders caused an increase in the propellant burning rate by approximately 30 % for n‐Al, n‐B, n‐Ni, and n‐Mo independent from the pressure values. An addition of n‐Cu resulted in a burning rate increase by a factor of 4.9 due to coppers’ probable catalytic activity during interaction with nitroesters and cyclic nitramines in a solid phase. n‐Zn additive increased the propellant burning rate by factors 2.3 and 3.6 at 4 and 10 MPa, respectively, due to catalytic activity of zinc in a gaseous phase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burning Characteristics of the HMX/CL‐20/AP/Polyvinyltetrazole Binder/Al Solid Propellants Loaded with Nanometals

Sergienko

Popenko

Slyusarsky

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…The complex chemical mechanism of nitramines decomposition and possible interactions between formed gaseous products and metal additives resulted in the domination of quasi‐equilibrium approach for their description. But such experimental works focused only on a very limited number of substances like Al , Cu , Ni , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 (more detailed review of such studies is provided in Table ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Aluminum Powders: III. Non‐Isothermal Oxidation and Combustion of Modern Aluminized Solid Propellants with Nanometals and Nanooxides

Gromov

Sergienko

Popenko

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Aluminum powders were comprehensively described as the prospective ingredients of the modern propellants. The paper also studied the influence of micro-and nanopowders of metals (μ-Me and n-Me) and metal oxides (μ-MeO and n-MeO) on the burning process of modern aluminized propellant with HMX, CL-20, AP, and active binder. The following metal additives were used: Al, B, Zn, Ni, Co, and Mo. The effect of the following oxides CoO, V 2 O 5 , MnO 2, and Fe 2 O 3 was studied together with LiF. The combustion tests of modified propellant compositions were carried out in the Vielle bomb in a pressure range 2-10 MPa. n-Me addition resulted in an increase in the burning rate by 10 % for n-B, by 30-40 % for n-Ni and n-Mo in the studied pressure range. The introduction of n-Cu caused a burning rate to increase fivefold. n-Zn additive resulted in increasing of the propellant burning rate by 130 % and 260 % at 4 and 10 MPa, respectively. It was probably caused by the catalytic activity of those metals in the gaseous phase. The effect of complex additive was observed to be insignificant for additives with μ-Co 3 O 4 , μ-V 2 O 5 , μ-Fe 2 O 3 and n-Fe 2 O 3 . The burning rate of propellant with n-CuO additive value was higher by a factor of 4 in comparison with the basic formulation in the studied pressure range.

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“…Our previous study [14] was conducted based on the ignition performance of three kinds of explosives (RDX, HMX, and CL-20) mixed with different mass fractions of Al powders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Microsized Aluminum Powder on Thermal Decomposition of HNIW (CL-20)

Mao

Zhu

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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DSC experiments were conducted on the 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-tetracyclo-[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]-dodecane (also known as HNIW or CL-20) and CL-20 containing 10 wt.% microsized aluminum (Al) powders. The kinetic parameters of CL-20 and CL-20/Al were obtained by ASTM685 and Friedman methods, respectively, indicating that Al powder decreases the activation energy of CL-20 slightly and has a catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of CL-20. By the method of nonlinear multivariate regression, kinetic models of CL-20 and CL-20/Al were derived as fα=1−αn1+kcat⋅α, where the lgkcat of CL-20 and CL-20/Al is 1.97 and 2.12, respectively, showing that the autocatalytic ability of CL-20 had been increased by adding Al powder. From the SEM images of CL-20/Al and the XRD pattern of the decomposition residues of CL-20/Al, it can be inferred that partial combustion of Al particles happened in the microscale view and led to the release of heat.

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Effects of Aluminum Powder on Ignition Performance of RDX, HMX, and CL-20 Explosives

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Burning Characteristics of the HMX/CL‐20/AP/Polyvinyltetrazole Binder/Al Solid Propellants Loaded with Nanometals

Burning Characteristics of the HMX/CL‐20/AP/Polyvinyltetrazole Binder/Al Solid Propellants Loaded with Nanometals

Characterization of Aluminum Powders: III. Non‐Isothermal Oxidation and Combustion of Modern Aluminized Solid Propellants with Nanometals and Nanooxides

The Effect of Microsized Aluminum Powder on Thermal Decomposition of HNIW (CL-20)

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