Effects of aluminum on the elongation and external morphology of root tips in two maize genotypes

Souza, Leandro Torres de; Cambraia, José; Ribeiro, Cléberson; Oliveira, Juraci Alves de; Silva, Luzimar Campos da

doi:10.1590/1678-4499.142

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2f). Therefore, BRS1010 was proven to show higher sensitivity to Al as previously reported for other sensitive maize genotypes (Souza et al 2016). Although Al induced damage to the root system, the short time of Al exposure (5 days) was apparently not enough to trigger nutritional disturbances in roots, except in the content of Mg (both genotypes) and Ca (BRS1055), which reduced (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Metabolic and physiological adjustments of maize leaves in response to aluminum stress

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et al. 2020

Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol.

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Acidic soils with elevated aluminum (Al) saturations are worldwide distributed and harm the crop production in most of the tropical and subtropical regions. Under these conditions, root elongation may be impaired and thus disturbs water and nutrient uptake. Consequently, physiological responses of plants challenged with excess Al may resemble those of drought stresses. Here, we hypothesized that drought tolerant plants are also Al tolerant due to changes in growth, metabolic and physiological adjustments in leaves. Two maize genotypes, BRS1010 and BRS1055, sensitive and tolerant to drought, respectively, were hydroponically grown under controlled conditions and challenged with two Al concentrations (0 and 100 lM AlCl 3) for 5 days. After treatment with Al, BRS1055 plants displayed increased leaf and stem elongation whereas the relative root growth rate remained unchanged. This was accompanied by unaltered root structure, photosynthetic efficiency and leaf primary metabolism. In sharp contrast, the BRS1010 plants were sensitive to Al, exhibiting a reduction in leaf and stem elongation and biomass accumulation in shoot and root, as well as greater structural damages in root tips. Additionally, in response to Al, lipid peroxidation increased in BRS1010 leaves in parallel to inhibition of photosynthetic performance and dark respiration. Moreover, compared to control treatment, the genotype BRS1010 displayed a large accumulation of sugars, amino acid, proteins and organic acids in leaves under Al stress. Therefore, the leaf physiology and metabolism are pivotal players in modulating Al tolerance in maize.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Metabolic and physiological adjustments of maize leaves in response to aluminum stress

Siqueira

Barros

Dal-Bianco

et al. 2020

Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol.

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“…The primary site of aluminum accumulation and damage is still a matter of debate. In many species, the root apex was identified as the primary site of perception of aluminum toxicity, and consequently the expression of tolerance ( Kollmeier et al, 2000 ; Yang et al, 2008 ; Horst et al, 2010 ; Motoda et al, 2011 ; Souza et al, 2016 ). Sivaguru et al (2013) demonstrated that Al affects approximately the 1–3 mm portion of the roots in sorghum lines sensitive to the metal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of BdMATE Gene Improves Aluminum Tolerance in Setaria viridis

et al. 2017

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Acidic soils are distributed worldwide, predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas, reaching around 50% of the arable soil. This type of soil strongly reduces crop production, mainly because of the presence of aluminum, which has its solubility increased at low pH levels. A well-known physiological mechanism used by plants to cope with Al stress involves activation of membrane transporters responsible for organic acid anions secretion from the root apex to the rhizosphere, which chelate Al, preventing its absorption by roots. In sorghum, a membrane transporter gene belonging to multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family was identified and characterized as an aluminum-activated citrate transporter gene responsible for Al tolerance in this crop. Setaria viridis is an emerging model for C4 species and it is an important model to validate some genes for further C4 crops transformation, such as sugarcane, maize, and wheat. In the present work, Setaria viridis was used as a model plant to overexpress a newly identified MATE gene from Brachypodium distachyon (BdMATE), closely related to SbMATE, for aluminum tolerance assays. Transgenic S. viridis plants overexpressing a BdMATE presented an improved Al tolerance phenotype, characterized by sustained root growth and exclusion of aluminum from the root apex in transgenic plants, as confirmed by hematoxylin assay. In addition, transgenic plants showed higher root citrate exudation into the rhizosphere, suggesting that Al tolerance improvement in these plants could be related to the chelation of the metal by the organic acid anion. These results suggest that BdMATE gene can be used to transform C4 crops of economic importance with improved aluminum tolerance.

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“…The Al accumulation changed the organization and structure of the root border cells (Fig. 3) as observed in cowpea (Kopittke et al 2008), maize (Souza et al 2015) and soybean (Kopittke et al 2015;dos Reis et al 2018) after exposure to Al. In addition to the damages to the root system, Al can affect the absorption of water and nutrients by plants (Kochian 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Differential accumulation of aluminum in root tips of soybean seedlings

et al. 2020

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In the present study, we investigated the sites of aluminum (Al) accumulation and its effects on the growth, morphology and nutritional status in root tips of soybean (Glycine max L.) genotype Conquista. The seedlings were exposed to nutrient Clark solution, pH 4.0, with 0 (control) and 100 µM of Al for 24, 48 and 72 h. Our results showed an Al accumulation in the superficial layers of the root tip, such as the root cap cells, epidermis and cortex cells, and internally in the cell walls of the meristematic cells. The Al accumulation in the outer cells prevented the entry of this metal in the inner tissues. However, scanning electron micrographs showed damage in the external micromorphology of the root tips. This damage resulted in cellular disorganization in the root cap and epidermis cells leading to a reduction in Ca and Mg uptake. Despite that, there was no change in root growth. Taken together, our findings suggest that genotype Conquista has a capacity to avoid Al toxicity, probably by Al immobilization in the cell walls and in the external tissues of the root tip.

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Effects of aluminum on the elongation and external morphology of root tips in two maize genotypes

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Metabolic and physiological adjustments of maize leaves in response to aluminum stress

Metabolic and physiological adjustments of maize leaves in response to aluminum stress

Overexpression of BdMATE Gene Improves Aluminum Tolerance in Setaria viridis

Differential accumulation of aluminum in root tips of soybean seedlings

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