Effects of Altering Freshwater Chemistry on Physiological Responses of Rainbow Trout to Silver Exposure

Bury, Nicolas R.; McGeer, James C.; Wood, Chris M.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0049:eoafco>2.3.co;2

Cited by 26 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Surfactants in surface water have become an environmental concern and, studies on their effects on freshwater and marine life started since the early 1950s [21]. However, the varying degree of mortality reported in this study is supported by Bury et al [22] who reported that differences in an organism's biological adjustment and behavioural response to changes in water chemistry and osmotic conditions depend on the stage of development. The implication of this observation is that the early life stages are not only vulnerable to chemical contaminants but are usually adversely affected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…The relative difference observed in the mean % mortality and 96 h LC 50 values between the fresh and brackish water test may not be unconnected with the varying osmoregulatory demand of the different environment. It has been reported that in the fresh water environment, any physical damage to external tissues allows more water to enter the body (and salt to escape), placing an additional burden on the kidneys, ultimately resulting in death [22]. This observation probably accounts for the higher mortality in the fresh water test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This observation probably accounts for the higher mortality in the fresh water test. It has also been reported that toxicity of chemicals can be altered by variations in water chemistry by affecting their amount of the chemical available to bind to the fish [22,27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lethal toxicity of industrial chemicals to early life stages of Tilapia guineensis

Ezemonye

Ogeleka

Okieimen

2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lethal toxicity of industrial chemicals to early life stages of Tilapia guineensis

Ezemonye

Ogeleka

Okieimen

2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The speciation pattern of metals is influenced by the overall composition of the solution (synthetic or natural), in particular, properties like pH, hardness, ionic strength and the presence of complexing ligands such as inorganic ions, EDTA (in synthetic test media) and naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM) expressed as dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The water chemistry and resulting speciation of the metal in the test media thus strongly influence the bioavailability and hence also the ecotoxicity of the metal (Bossuyt et al 2004;Bury et al 1999;Hollis et al 2000;Kramer et al 2004;Macdonald et al 2002;Richards et al 2001). The distribution of the metal among the various metal species, and the resulting concentrations of each of them can be predicted by chemical speciation models (Bhavsar et al 2004), but in spite of the recognised influence on the metal ecotoxicity, chemical speciation and physico-chemical characteristics of the aquatic system are rarely considered when reporting on ecotoxic effects for metals and deriving water quality criteria (Janssen et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing speciation in the effect factor for characterisation of freshwater ecotoxicity—the case of copper

Christiansen

Holm

Borggaard

et al. 2011

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose Determination of the ecotoxicity effect factor (EF) in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) is based on test data reporting the total dissolved concentration of a substance. In spite of the recognised influence of chemical speciation and physico-chemical characteristics of the aquatic systems on toxicity of dissolved metals, these properties are not considered when calculating characterization factors (CFs) for metals. It is hypothesised that the main cause of the variation in reported EC50 values of Cu among published test results lies in different speciation patterns for Cu in the test media, and that the toxicity of Cu is predominantly caused by the free Cu 2+ ion. Hence, the free Cu 2+ ion concentration should substitute the total dissolved metal concentration when determining the EF. Materials and methods The study was based on a review of published ecotoxicity studies reporting acute and chronic EC50 data for Cu to Daphnia magna and to different species of fish and algae. The speciation pattern of Cu in the different media applied in the studies was calculated using the Visual MINTEQ model. EFs were calculated according to the expression applied in the USEtox™ characterization model. Results and discussionReported EC 50 values for Cu show variations of one to several orders of magnitude for the same organism, but the study indicates that the large variation is caused by differences in water chemistry of the test media influencing the metal speciation. The relationship between the calculated free Cu 2+ ion concentration and reported EC 50 values indicates that the aquatic ecotoxicity of Cu to D. magna can be predicted from the free ion concentration. Other results confirm that the free Cu 2+ ion concentration depends on the [Cu]/[DOC] ratio since the majority of the total dissolved Cu is present as Cu-DOC complexes when the media contains more than 1 mg/L of DOC, and since Cu in such complexes has limited availability to the test organisms. Conclusions These results suggest that speciation should be taken into account in the modelling of both EFs and fate factors for LCIA, and the EF for Cu in the aquatic environment should be based on the concentration of the free Cu 2+ ion.

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“…the site of toxic action, situated on the gills of aquatic animals), and dissolved organic carbon molecules. Relatively more free metal ions becomes available in the water column, as the binding sites of dissolved organic carbon molecules are protonated during lower pH levels, which further results in the increased toxicity to the animals (Bury et al 1999). The speciation of metals in the aquatic environment is dependent on the pH of the water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water chemistry influences the toxicity of silver to the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis

Vijayavel

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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The study determined the influence and relative importance of water chemistry parameters (pH, alkalinity, hardness) on the acute toxicity of silver to the green mussel Perna viridis. A preliminary bioassay revealed that 4 mg L(-1) of silver caused 50% mortality (LC50) in 96 h for mussels placed in seawater with pH 8.5, hardness 1,872 mg L(-1), and alkalinity 172 mg L(-1). Mortality of mussels increased with decreasing pH and increasing hardness and alkalinity variables. In contrast the mortality decreased with increasing pH and decreasing hardness and alkalinity values. The water chemistry also affected the concentration of silver in experimental seawater and bioaccumulation of silver in mussels. The results revealed that the chemical properties of seawater must be considered while conducting toxicity tests with metals like silver. The possible explanations for the influence of water chemistry on silver toxicity to P. viridis are discussed.

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Effects of Altering Freshwater Chemistry on Physiological Responses of Rainbow Trout to Silver Exposure

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Lethal toxicity of industrial chemicals to early life stages of Tilapia guineensis

Lethal toxicity of industrial chemicals to early life stages of Tilapia guineensis

Addressing speciation in the effect factor for characterisation of freshwater ecotoxicity—the case of copper

Water chemistry influences the toxicity of silver to the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis

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