Effects of Alkyl-Substituted Polybenzoxazines on Tribological Properties of Non-Asbestos Composite Friction Materials

Wongpayakyotin, Anun; Jubsilp, Chanchira; Tiptipakorn, Sunan; Mora, Phattarin; Bielawski, Christopher W.; Rimdusit, Sarawut

doi:10.3390/polym13040567

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, one single component usually affects many different characteristics besides the targeted aspect: even reinforcing fibers play a critical role regarding tribological-friction and wear-properties [3]. Furthermore, even binders can modify friction behavior of composites, as was found by Wongpayakyotin et al [4], while Bijwe [5] stated that aromatic polyamide guarantees good wear properties and a stable coefficient of friction. Furthermore, copper turned out to be a component that improves all major properties of frictional materials in the investigations by Kumar et al [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Automotive Test Parameters on Dry Friction Fiber-Reinforced Clutch Facing Surface Microgeometry and Wear

Biczó¹,

Kalácska²,

Mankovits

2021

Polymers

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Wear and surface microgeometry aspects of fiber-reinforced hybrid composite dry friction clutch facings are revealed in a novel way: after different, real life automotive tests during their lifetime. This study examines and reveals the tribological response of friction material surfaces to real life application conditions with two different facing diameters and in two directions. Along the increasing activation energy scale, wear values increased according to two different trends, sorting tests into two main groups, namely ‘clutch killer’ and ‘moderate’. Wear results also highlighted the influence of mileage and test conditions, with clutch killer tests also creating considerable wear-more than 0.1 mm-at inner diameters: 1% higher wear was generated by 90% higher mileage; another 1% increment could be caused by insufficient cooling time or test bench-specific conditions. Surface roughness values trends varied accordingly with exceptions revealing effects of facing size, friction diameter and directions and test conditions: small (S) facings produced significantly decreased Rmax roughness, while large (L) and medium (M) size facings had increased roughness values; Rmax results showed the highest deviations among roughness values in radial direction; tests run with trailer and among city conditions resulted in more than 2% thickness loss and a 40–50% roughness decrease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Automotive Test Parameters on Dry Friction Fiber-Reinforced Clutch Facing Surface Microgeometry and Wear

Biczó¹,

Kalácska²,

Mankovits

2021

Polymers

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“…Recently, polybenzoxazine has emerged as a promising alternative polymeric binder that is potentially capable of replacing conventional phenolic resins. With a similar chemical structure to phenolic resins, polybenzoxazine exhibits fascinating and innovative properties, making it a perfect candidate as a polymeric binder in friction materials [12,13]. The advantages of polybenzoxazine include a low melt viscosity at curing temperatures, excellent interfacial adhesion with organic and inorganic fillers, thermally activated catalyst-free and curing-agent-free ring-opening reactions, volatile-free polymerization, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Thermal, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Polybenzoxazine-Based Composite for Vehicle Applications

Guo

Chen

et al. 2023

Coatings

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In this study, a series of composites comprising polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced polybenzoxazine for high-temperature friction materials for vehicle brake applications were developed using a high-temperature compression molding technique. The objective of this research was to systematically investigate the thermal, mechanical (tensile and flexural), and tribological performance of friction materials made from polybenzoxazine-based composites by varying the PEEK/CF mass ratio. Our study reveals the substantial improvement effect of the increased content of PEEK fibers on the thermal conductivity, the coefficient of friction, and the friction strength of the polybenzoxazine-based composite materials. Meanwhile, the introduction of carbon fibers was found to have a monotonic positive effect on the mechanical (tensile and flexural) properties and wear performance of the polybenzoxazine-based composites. The polybenzoxazine-based composites exhibit high mechanical strength, with a tensile strength of 50.1–78.6 MPa, Young’s modulus of 10.2–24.3 GPa, a flexural strength of 62.1–88.3 MPa, and a flexural modulus of 13.1–27.4 GPa. In addition, the polybenzoxazine-based composite with a PEEK/CF mass ratio of 75:25 exhibits a high and stable coefficient of friction (0.33) and a specific wear rate (1.79 × 10−7 cm3/Nm at room temperature). Subsequent to the wear test at ambient temperature, the worn surfaces of five polybenzoxazine-based composite samples with various PEEK/CF mass ratios were studied using electron microscopy technology (SEM). The observation of small cracks and tiny grooves on the worn surfaces indicates a combined abrasive and adhesive wear mechanism of the material. Our experimental results clearly reveal superior mechanical properties and excellent tribological characteristics. As a result, these composites show promising potential for the application of friction materials in terms of vehicle braking system applications.

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“…Polymer composite materials composed of different reinforcements and fillers into several engineering polymers to replace metallic and ceramics are currently used in structural applications such as automotive, construction, spacecraft, marine, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In automotive applications, friction polymer composites such as brake pads are a key brake part because they are the component that contacts and applies pressure and friction to a vehicle’s brake rotors, resulting in stopping the wheel; in consequence, the vehicles stop moving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Performance and Thermal Stability of Nanorubber-Modified Polybenzoxazine Composites for Non-Asbestos Friction Materials

et al. 2021

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Asbestos-free friction composite based on ultrafine full-vulcanized acrylonitrile butadiene rubber particles (UFNBRPs)-modified polybenzoxazine was successfully developed. The UFNBRPs-modified polybenzoxazine friction composite was characterized for chemical, tribological, and mechanical properties as well as thermal stability. The UFNBRPs not only act as a filler to reduce noise in the friction composites due to their suitable viscoelastic behaviors but also play a key role in friction modifiers to enhance friction coefficient and wear resistance in the polybenzoxazine composites. The chemical bonding formation between UFNBRPs and polybenzoxazine can significantly improve friction, mechanical, and thermal properties of the friction composite. The outstanding tribological performance of the friction composite under 100–350 °C, i.e., friction coefficients and wear rates in a range of 0.36–0.43 and 0.13 × 10−4–0.29 × 10−4 mm3/Nm, respectively, was achieved. The high flexural strength and modulus of the friction composite, i.e., 61 MPa and 6.4 GPa, respectively, were obtained. The friction composite also showed high thermal stability, such as 410 °C for degradation temperature and 215 °C for glass transition temperature. The results indicated that the obtained UFNBRPs-modified polybenzoxazine friction composite meets the industrial standard of brake linings and pads for automobiles; therefore, the UFNBRPs-modified polybenzoxazine friction composite can effectively be used as a replacement for asbestos-based friction materials.

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Effects of Alkyl-Substituted Polybenzoxazines on Tribological Properties of Non-Asbestos Composite Friction Materials

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of Automotive Test Parameters on Dry Friction Fiber-Reinforced Clutch Facing Surface Microgeometry and Wear

Effects of Automotive Test Parameters on Dry Friction Fiber-Reinforced Clutch Facing Surface Microgeometry and Wear

Tunable Thermal, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Polybenzoxazine-Based Composite for Vehicle Applications

Tribological Performance and Thermal Stability of Nanorubber-Modified Polybenzoxazine Composites for Non-Asbestos Friction Materials

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