Effects of aldicarb and benomyl on nematodes, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas and the growth and yield of forage maize

Abstract

SUMMARYThe effects of aldicarb and benomyl on plant‐parasitic nematodes, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and the growth of forage maize were measured in 1980—1982 in two field experiments at Woburn, Bedfordshire and in a pot experiment using loamy sand soil from the field site. The most numerous migratory nematode, Tylenchorhynchus dubius increased three to four‐fold during each season in untreated soil and was effectively controlled by aldicarb. Pratylenchus species were fewer but equally well controlled. The cereal cyst‐nematode (Heterodera avenae), a serious maize pathogen in Northern France, was relatively scarce in untreated roots and was further decreased by aldicarb treatment; post‐harvest H. avenae egg numbers were not affected by treatments; they declined equally because maize is such a poor host. Significant yield benefits (up to 37%) followed aldicarb treatment and were ascribed to nematode control in the absence of attribution to insect or other pests. Benomyl did not increase yields nor did it significantly affect the incidence of mycorrhiza.The results confirm that considerable losses of forage maize can be caused by nematodes in light soil and that aldicarb is an effective nematicide even at the rate of 1·7 kg a.i./ha.

Influence of repeated oxamyl application on nematode populations beneath 4 ryegrass cultivars on a yellow-brown loam

“…For a given nematicide the application rate required for population control varied with the nematode: plant relationship (Whitehead 1978). Although the effects of nematic ides on preplanting and post-harvest populations of cyst nematodes have been intensively studied (e.g., Jones & Kempton 1978), there has been less interest in similar studies of vermiform nematodes of arable crops (Williams & Beane 1984) or of perennial pastures. Pastures support a wide range of plant-feeding nematodes, and although their effects on sward establishment and fertiliser response have been reported, neither their pathogenic effects nor their effects on the competitive ability of sward components have been documented in terms of damage and economic loss thresholds.…”

The influence of Western corn rootworm seed coating and granular insecticides on the seasonal fluctuations of soil nematode communities in a maize field

“…Landi and Manachini (2005) (Sabová et al, 1979;Šály, 1976) and other plants in arable soils (Šály, 1970, 1983). Williams and Beane (1984) consider this species a dangerous maize pest in England. Landi and Manachini (2005) and Khan et al (2009) observed genera Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus as dangerous plant parasites of maize.…”

“…Nematode taxa were assigned to trophic groups according to Yeates et al (1993). Community indices were calculated as follows: the Shannon-Weaver species diversity index (H'spp) (Shannon & Weaver, 1949); the Maturity index (MI) and Plant parasite index (PPI) proposed by Bongers (1990); ratio of PPI/MI proposed by Bongers and Korthals (1995); ratio of bacterial feeders and fungal feeders (B/F) proposed by Wasilewska (1997); the Enrichment index …”

Seasonal effects on the population dynamics of soil nematodes in a maize field

“…Kornobis (1981) listed this species as the second the most frequently presented and abundant species in maize field in Poland. Control of B. dubius, which multiplied four fold in untreated plots, increased maize dry matter yields in England by up to 37 % (Williams and Beane, 1984).…”