Effects of Alcohol Intake on Organ Injuries in Normotensive and Hypertensive Human Subjects

Ishimitsu, Toshihiko; Yoshida, K.; Nakamura, Miki; Tsukada, Kohju; Yagi, Shigeru; Ohrui, Masami; Hisauchi, Tohru; Matsuoka, Hiroaki

doi:10.1042/cs0930541

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Moreover, earlier studies have shown dose-dependent increases in serum y-GTP and blood pressure in subjects whose daily ethanol consumption was 30 ml or more (34,35). We have previously reported that higher alcohol intake was associated with higher incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (34), and we also have observed that fundoscopic lesions and urinary albumin excretion were increased in obese subjects (36). In the present study left ventricular hypertrophy was also correlated with serum creatinine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Urinary Excretions of Albumin and Type IV Collagen in Normotensive and Hypertensive Subjects.

Ishimitsu

Murayama²,

Meguro³

et al. 2000

Hypertens Res

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Plasma albumin leaks into urine as a result of glomerular hypertension and basement membrane injury, while urinary type IV collagen derives from mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membrane. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathophysiological significance of these urinary microproteins as an indicator of cardiovascular organ injuries in hypertension. In health-checkup participants without diabetes, proteinuria, or microhematuria, and who were not being treated for hypertension or any other disease at the time of enrollment, urinary albumin and type IV collagen were measured and their relations to organ injuries and cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. Of 1,079 subjects (40-to 65-year-old; 256 men and 823 women) enrolled in the study, 120 (11.1 %) had untreated hypertension exceeding 140190 mmHg. Urinary albumin was positively correlated with both age (r=0.16, p<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (r=0.27, p<0.001). Urinary type IV collagen was not only positively correlated with age (r=0.12, p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.14, p<0.001) but also negatively correlated with blood hemoglobin (r=-0.12, p<0.001). Urinary albumin, but not type IV collagen, had a significant relation to electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (p=0.012) and retinal arteriosclerosis on fundoscopy (p <0.001). Thus both albumin and type IV collagen would seem to have increased in association with age and hypertension in this cohort. It is suggested that urinary albumin is an indicator not only of renal injury, but also possibly of development of cardiac hypertrophy and arteriosclerotic changes. Urinary type IV collagen, on the other hand, may be associated with renal tissue injuries that affect erythrokinetics. (Hypertens Res 2000; 23: 459-466)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Urinary Excretions of Albumin and Type IV Collagen in Normotensive and Hypertensive Subjects.

Ishimitsu

Murayama²,

Meguro³

et al. 2000

Hypertens Res

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“…Alcohol is not only bad for blood pressure, but chronic heavy consumption and binge drinking at least are also unequivocally bad for ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke and coronary artery disease outcomes. In addition, heavy drinking increases the risk for left ventricular hypertrophy 58 and increased arterial stiffness, 59 increases the risk of heart failure both with and without associated coronary artery disease, 60 increases the risk of atrial fibrillation 61 and increases the risk for central adiposity, 62 type 2 diabetes mellitus 63 and the metabolic syndrome 29 . Although hypertensive subjects may anticipate a decrease in risk with light drinking, any benefits have probably been overestimated because of unmeasured confounders, reverse causation and failure to account for pattern of drinking or variation in alcohol intake over time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Is Bad for Blood Pressure

Puddey

Beilin

2006

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

127

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1. The regular consumption of alcohol elevates blood pressure, with global estimates that the attributable risk for hypertensive disease from alcohol is 16%. 2. The increase in blood pressure is approximately 1 mmHg for each 10 g alcohol consumed and is largely reversible within 2-4 weeks of abstinence or a substantial reduction in alcohol intake. 3. This increase in blood pressure occurs irrespective of the type of alcoholic beverage. In particular, the postulated effects of vasodilator flavonoid components of red wine to lessen or reverse alcohol-related hypertension have not been borne out in intervention studies. 4. Heavy drinking, especially a binge pattern of drinking, is linked to a higher incidence of cerebral thrombosis, cerebral haemorrhage and coronary artery disease deaths, although a role for alcohol-related hypertension in the causal pathway is not well defined. 5. In contrast, the light to moderate intake of alcohol has been consistently linked to a reduced risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease end-points. Such a protective effect may also extend to hypertensive subjects. 6. However, the magnitude of any protective effect appears to have been exaggerated because of unmeasured confounders, especially diet, lifestyle and patterns of drinking. Furthermore, a decrease in overall mortality with drinking appears confined to older subjects and to populations with a high background cardiovascular risk profile. 7. Any putative cardiovascular benefits from drinking need to be carefully considered against the effects of alcohol to elevate blood pressure, together with many other adverse health consequences from drinking. Maximum cardiovascular benefit occurs at relatively low levels of consumption (i.e. one to two standard drinks a day in men (10-20 g alcohol) and up to one a day in women (10 g alcohol)). In hypertensive subjects, consumption beyond these levels would be unwise.

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“…Alcohol-related hypertension may also be related to the consistent observation of an association of increasing alcohol intake with either left ventricular mass [110,111] or electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy [112], although in each of these studies, such associations were still present after controlling for level of blood pressure. The nal target organ of interest is the kidney, with several reports that alcohol increases the risk of microalbuminuria [111,113], an effect which in one of these studies appeared to be mediated by alcoholrelated increases in blood pressure [111].…”

Section: Alcohol and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Non Pharmacologic Therapy and Lifestyle Factors in Hypertension

Beilin¹,

Burke²,

Cox³

et al. 2001

Blood Pressure

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Lifestyle factors are now recognised to be key determinants of both the rise in blood pressure with ageing and the cardiovascular disease associated with essential hypertension. This paper summarises recent evidence for independent or additive effects of different aspects of diet and behavioural factors on blood pressure levels and some related cardiovascular risk factors. The influence of single nutrients, fats, fibre, protein, antioxidants, caffeine, complex dietary patterns, physical activity, alcohol and smoking will be considered against a background of obesity and psychological factors contributing to blood pressure elevation.

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Effects of Alcohol Intake on Organ Injuries in Normotensive and Hypertensive Human Subjects

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Urinary Excretions of Albumin and Type IV Collagen in Normotensive and Hypertensive Subjects.

Urinary Excretions of Albumin and Type IV Collagen in Normotensive and Hypertensive Subjects.

Alcohol Is Bad for Blood Pressure

Non Pharmacologic Therapy and Lifestyle Factors in Hypertension

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