Effects of alcohol and cigarette smoking on change in serum estrone levels in postmenopausal women randomly assigned to fixed doses of conjugated equine estrogens with or without a progestin

McDivit, Anna M.; Greendale, Gail A.; Stanczyk, Frank Z.; Huang, Mei‐Hua

doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181407cb2

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although a prior PEPI study of participants demonstrated that increases in serum estrone levels after 12-months of CEE-containing HT were 15% greater among women who drank more than 5.5 g/day of alcohol than among women who drank ≤5.5 g/day of alcohol (17), the current study does not support an influence of self-reported alcohol intake on the occurrence of HT-associated breast discomfort.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…We did not find age or cigarette smoking to be a significant predictor of HT-associated breast discomfort, despite the lesser gains in serum estrone level experienced by smokers compared to non-smokers during HT (17). Randomized controlled trials of HT regimens other than ours have implicated older age to be positively associated (77, 78) and smoking to be inversely associated (11) with risk of HT-associated breast discomfort.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…First, factors that are associated with altered sex steroid metabolism might alter the odds of experiencing new-onset breast discomfort during administration of HT. For example, among women initiating oral HT, on-treatment estradiol level (9–16) and estrone level (9, 14, 15, 17) increase to a lesser degree among smokers than non-smokers, possibly due to increased hepatic metabolism of estrogens among smokers (15). Similarly, through its influence on sex steroid metabolism (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…increased peripheral aromatization of androstenedione to estrone) and by increasing on-treatment estrogen levels during HT (18), higher weight may increase the risk of developing breast discomfort during HT. Finally, higher physical activity is associated with lower serum estrogen levels (19), and alcohol intake increases on-treatment estrogen levels during HT (17), suggesting that physical activity and alcohol intake levels may influence the effects of HT on breast discomfort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Predictors of breast discomfort among women initiating menopausal hormone therapy

Crandall¹,

Markovic

Huang³

et al. 2010

Menopause

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective-To study the determinants of breast discomfort among postmenopausal women initiating menopausal hormone therapy (HT).Methods-We analyzed questionnaire, anthropometric, and serum estrone data from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Trial (PEPI), a randomized trial comparing placebo, conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) alone, or CEE with a progestogen (continuous or cyclical medroxyprogesterone acetate or cyclical micronized progesterone) among postmenopausal women. HT users could join PEPI after stopping HT for 2 months. We modeled the relation between smoking, body weight, alcohol consumption, age, quitting HT to join PEPI, physical activity and alpha-tocopherol consumption and new-onset breast discomfort at 12-month follow-up among 662 participants without baseline breast discomfort.Results-The associations of new-onset breast discomfort with weight and with strenuous exercise varied by treatment assignment. Among women assigned to CEE + progestogen, strenuous exercise was associated with a 49% lower odds of new-onset breast discomfort (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29-0.89, P = 0.02), whereas among women assigned to placebo or CEE alone, strenuous exercise was not significantly associated with new-onset breast discomfort. Surprisingly, among women taking CEE alone, each kilogram higher weight was associated with 6% lower odds of new-onset breast discomfort (P=0.04), whereas among women taking placebo, the association was in the opposite direction (P=0.04). Adjustment for estrone level had neglible effects on odds ratios. Alpha-tocopherol intake, age, smoking, and alcohol intake were not significantly associated with new-onset breast discomfort in adjusted analyses.Conclusion-Strenuous exercise and higher body weight may decrease the odds of new-onset breast discomfort among postmenopausal women initiating HT.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Predictors of breast discomfort among women initiating menopausal hormone therapy

Crandall¹,

Markovic

Huang³

et al. 2010

Menopause

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, several studies observed a positive correlation between alcohol intake in women and both blood and urinary estrogen concentrations but other studies found no correlation or even an inverse association (82, 83). However, postmenopausal women receiving HRT experienced a significant and sustained increase in circulating estrogen following ingestion of alcohol (84). Women drinking ≥20 g/day who used HRT had an increased risk of breast cancer (RR 2.24; 95% CI 1.59 – 3.14) compared to nondrinkers who never used HRT (85).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Metabolism and Exposure in a Genotypic–Phenotypic Model for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction

Crooke

Justenhoven²,

Brauch³

et al. 2011

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Current models of breast cancer risk prediction do not directly reflect mammary estrogen metabolism or genetic variability in exposure to carcinogenic estrogen metabolites. Methods We developed a model that simulates the kinetic effect of genetic variants of the enzymes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT on the production of the main carcinogenic estrogen metabolite, 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), expressed as area under the curve metric (4-OHE2-AUC). The model also incorporates phenotypic factors (age, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptives, family history), which plausibly influence estrogen metabolism and the production of 4-OHE2. We applied the model to two independent, population-based breast cancer case-control groups, the German GENICA study (967 cases, 971 controls) and the Nashville Breast Cohort (NBC; 465 cases, 885 controls). Results In the GENICA study, premenopausal women at the 90th percentile of 4-OHE2-AUC among control subjects had a risk of breast cancer that was 2.30 times that of women at the 10th control 4-OHE2-AUC percentile (95% CI 1.7 – 3.2, P = 2.9 × 10−7). This relative risk was 1.89 (95% CI 1.5 – 2.4, P = 2.2 × 10−8) in postmenopausal women. In the NBC, this relative risk in postmenopausal women was 1.81 (95% CI 1.3 – 2.6, P = 7.6 × 10−4), which increased to 1.83 (95% CI 1.4 – 2.3, P = 9.5 × 10−7) when a history of proliferative breast disease was included in the model. Conclusions The model combines genotypic and phenotypic factors involved in carcinogenic estrogen metabolite production and cumulative estrogen exposure to predict breast cancer risk. Impact The estrogen carcinogenesis-based model has the potential to provide personalized risk estimates.

show abstract

Estrogen and alcohol use in women: a targeted literature review

Handy,

Greenfield,

Payne

2024

Arch Womens Ment Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of alcohol and cigarette smoking on change in serum estrone levels in postmenopausal women randomly assigned to fixed doses of conjugated equine estrogens with or without a progestin

Abstract: Alcohol consumption augmented and smoking diminished serum estrone levels achieved while women were taking hormone therapy.

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Predictors of breast discomfort among women initiating menopausal hormone therapy

Predictors of breast discomfort among women initiating menopausal hormone therapy

Estrogen Metabolism and Exposure in a Genotypic–Phenotypic Model for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction

Estrogen and alcohol use in women: a targeted literature review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About