Effects of Air Traffic Geometry on Pilots' Conflict Detection with Cockpit Display of Traffic Information

Xu, Xiang; Wickens, Christopher D.; Rantanen, Esa M.

doi:10.1177/154193120404800107

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Extrapolating estimation to control in a rendezvous, paired with findings on pilots’ and drivers’ actions based on misperceptions of distance (Eberts & MacMillan, 1985; Previc & Ercoline, 2004), we could predict that an overestimation (“I’ll be there too late”) would translate to an acceleration response. Because this is based on a biased estimate, it would lead to an early arrival at the rendezvous (Tresilian, 1995; Xu et al, 2004, 2007). Some evidence is also provided that this overestimation is enhanced as the initial starting distance between the two trajectories is greater (as supported by a faster relative speed; Pankok & Kaber, 2013; Xu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rendezvous Under Temporal Uncertainty

et al. 2021

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Objective Three experiments sought to understand performance limitations in controlling a ship attempting to meet another moving ship that approached from various trajectories. The influence of uncertainty, resulting from occasional unpredictable delays in one’s own movement, was examined. Background Cognitive elements of rendezvous have been little studied. Related work such as the planning fallacy and bias toward underestimating time-to-contact imply a tendency toward late arrival at a rendezvous. Methods In a simplified simulation, participants controlled the speed and/or heading of their own ship once per scenario to try to rendezvous with another ship. Forty-five scenarios of approximately 30 s were conducted with different starting geometries and, in two of three experiments, with different frequencies and lengths of the unexpected delays. Results Perfect rendezvous were hard to obtain, with a general tendency to arrive late and pass behind the target vessel, although this was dependent on the angle of approach and relative speed. When occasional delays were introduced, less frequent but longer delays disrupted performance more than shorter but more frequent delays. Where delays were possible, but no delay occurred, there was no longer evidence of a general tendency to more frequently pass behind the target ship. Additionally, people did not wait to see if the unpredictable delays would occur before executing a course of action. Different control strategies were deployed and dual axis control was preferred. Conclusions The tendency to arrive late and the influence of the possibility of uncertain delays are discussed in relationship to control strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rendezvous Under Temporal Uncertainty

et al. 2021

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“…Air traffic controllers, for example, need to estimate the relative arrival times of aircraft at specific waypoints so as to ensure that aircraft are safely separated (Loft, Sanderson, Neal, & Mooij, in press; Roske-Hofstrand & Murphy, 1998). Technology will soon enable airline pilots to perform the same task using information provided by onboard flight instruments (Xu, Wickens, & Rantanen, 2004). The question that we examine in the current article concerns the role of memory in these types of tasks.…”

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The development of a general associative learning account of skill acquisition in a relative arrival-time judgment task.

Loft

Neal

Humphreys

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Current theory assumes that individuals only use information from the immediate environment to perform relative arrival-time judgment tasks. This article presents a theoretical analysis of the memory requirements of this task. The authors present an analysis of the inputs to the memory system and the processes that map those inputs onto outputs. The analysis generates a set of predictions regarding the specificity of transfer and the role of context during learning. In 3 experiments, participants decided whether pairs of aircraft would violate a minimum separation standard or pass each other safely. Participants were presented with pairs of aircraft in which properties of the pair varied along 3 structural and 3 surface dimensions. Contexts were defined by the co-occurrence of specific values along stimulus dimensions and the use of a neutral label. The results suggest that transfer was limited by the dimensions that were varied in training and the context in which those dimensions were varied. The discussion focuses on the problems that complex tasks like relative judgment pose for associative learning mechanisms and the development of precise models of cognition.

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Developing a library of display effects on pilot performance

Salud

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The design of NextGen and current-day cockpit displays are critical for efficient pilot performance and situation awareness on the flight deck. Before deployment of a design into the cockpit the costs and benefits that a display design imposes on performance and situation awareness should be considered. In this thesis, a design tool was developed to support the design of NextGen displays for situation awareness and performance. This design tool is a library of pilot performance estimates. Through literature reviews and meta-analyses of empirical data, the library was developed to provide display designers 1) qualitative distinctions of display properties that either support or limit full situation awareness, and 2) quantitative performance time estimates until situation awareness as a function of various display formats. A systematic method was also developed for future augmentation of the library. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This is dedicated to Kaya, who has been my faithful companion, sounding board, and teacher. Thank you to my family and friends, with special thanks to Edilberto Salud, Sr., and Robert and Koa Richardson, for their steadfast belief and support.

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Effects of Air Traffic Geometry on Pilots' Conflict Detection with Cockpit Display of Traffic Information

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Rendezvous Under Temporal Uncertainty

Rendezvous Under Temporal Uncertainty

The development of a general associative learning account of skill acquisition in a relative arrival-time judgment task.

Developing a library of display effects on pilot performance

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