Effects of Air Pollutants on Development of Allergic Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract

Gershwin, Laurel J.

doi:10.1080/10446670310001626535

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Various epidemiological and laboratory-based studies have suggested that air pollutants are relevant to the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases in developed countries (see review by Gershwin, 2003). Young children are among the most susceptible targets of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and food allergy (Kim, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects of mono-, di-, and trimethylphenols in mice

et al. 2007

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effects of mono-, di-, and trimethylphenols in mice

et al. 2007

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“…These allergens are generally pollens, dust mites, and molds-particles difficult to avoid (Gershwin 2003). Fungal spores are a major contributor to the spectrum of airborne allergens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and intradiurnal variation of allergenic fungal spores in urban and rural areas of the North of Portugal

et al. 2009

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Because fungal spore emission intensity varies throughout the year and even throughout the day, study of the hourly distribution is an important aspect of aerobiological monitoring. The objective of this work was to determine seasonal and intradiurnal variation of allergenic airborne fungal spores in urban and rural areas. The aerobiological study was performed from 2005 to 2007 using Hirst-type volumetric spore traps. Fungal spore types (Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Aspergillus/Penicillium) were selected according to their allergenic capacity and their frequency in the atmosphere. Cladosporium was the most frequent fungal spore in both locations, together with Alternaria; its concentration was higher during summer whereas Aspergillus/Penicillium was more abundant during autumn. Alternaria and Cladosporium maximum daily spore concentration was reached from 16.00 to 20.00 h. Aspergillus/Penicillium spore distribution differed in the two locations, and although it was difficult to establish a distribution pattern the highest concentration were found during the night. Determination of periods of high concentration may help allergic patients to avoid the daily periods when the allergen concentration is highest.

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“…The plasmids for the expression of the chimera protein of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) containing the 33 amino acids in the C-terminal tails of nNOS (CPR-nNOS) 2 in Eschericia coli were constructed from rat CPR wild type in POR263 and the nNOSpCW (21). The 33 amino acids of the C-terminus of nNOS were amplified by PCR from nNOSpCW.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The noxious effects of air pollution on health have been recognized for several decades. While pulmonary complications such as asthma and bronchitis are documented syndromes associated with air pollution ( − ), stroke and other vascular disorders are also emerging as important outcomes of airborne contaminants ( − ). Current data from the Environmental Protection Agency indicates that more cases of hospitalization and deaths are related to particulate air pollution, with many more events attributable to complications of atherosclerosis and congestive heart failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductive Activation Of Cr(Vi) By Nitric Oxide Synthase

Porter

Jáchymová

Martásek

et al. 2005

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Chromium(VI) is a recognized toxicant whose effects have been linked to its reduction to lower oxidation states. Although Cr(VI) is reduced by several systems, it is anticipated that its reduction by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) could have significant effects in endothelial and brain cells that express high constitutive levels of the enzyme. This possibility was examined by electron paramagnetic resonance that showed the formation of a stable Cr(V) species from NOS/Cr(VI). The formation of Cr(V) was calcium/calmodulin-independent indicating that Cr(VI) to Cr(V) reduction occurs at the flavin-containing domain of NOS. Accordingly, Cr(VI) reduction by the reductase domain of NOS and the chimera protein cytochrome-P450-reductase+tail-nNOS also generated Cr(V). Activation of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4))-free NOS with calcium/calmodulin diminished Cr(V) steady-state levels while increasing superoxide formation. Since SOD restored Cr(V) to control levels, this result was taken as evidence for a reaction between Cr(V) and superoxide. Supplementation of NOS with BH(4) cofactor not only failed to increase Cr(V) yields but generated superoxide and hydroxyl radical. Since the holoenzyme does not generate superoxide, this reaction indicated that Cr(V) mediates the oxidation of BH(4)-bound to the enzyme. In the presence of L-arginine, however, Cr(VI) neither enhances superoxide release nor inhibits NO formation from fully active NOS. This suggests that L-arginine protects BH(4) from Cr(V)-mediated oxidation. While Cr(V) was inactive toward NO, spin trapping experiments with 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl 5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide and oxygen consumption measurements showed that Cr(V) reacts with superoxide by a one-electron-transfer mechanism to generate oxygen and Cr(IV). Thus, reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(V) by NOS occurs in resting and fully active states. It is likely that the reaction between Cr(V) and superoxide influences the cytotoxic mechanisms of Cr(VI) in cells.

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Effects of Air Pollutants on Development of Allergic Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Immunomodulatory effects of mono-, di-, and trimethylphenols in mice

Immunomodulatory effects of mono-, di-, and trimethylphenols in mice

Seasonal and intradiurnal variation of allergenic fungal spores in urban and rural areas of the North of Portugal

Reductive Activation Of Cr(Vi) By Nitric Oxide Synthase

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