Effects of Air Ions on Microorganisms and Other Biological Materials

Kotaka, S.

doi:10.3109/10408417809090621

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…An anion is an atom or molecule that has gained one or more extra electrons by a strong energy source such as ultraviolet and radiation (Kotaka and Krueger, 1978) and oxygen anions are the most commonly known form. Air anions are known to improve human health by activating metabolism and alkalizing acidic blood (Chee, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air anions improve growth and mineral content of kale in plant factories

Lee

Kang

Han

et al. 2015

Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol.

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Air anions affect plant growth by stimulating various biological mechanisms. We investigated the effect of atmospheric anion concentrations on plant growth and mineral concentration in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala cv. TBC) plants cultivated in a plant factory. Kale seedlings grown under normal growth conditions for two weeks were transplanted to a nutrient film technique (NFT) system in a plant factory equipped with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [red:white:blue (RWB) = 8:1:1 and red:green:blue (RGB) = 8:1:1, 181 ± 4.0 µmol·m -2 ·s -1, 12 h photoperiod]. Three concentrations of air anions (low, 2.9 × 10 5 ions·cm -3 ; medium, 5.4 × 10 5 ions·cm -3 ; and high, 7.8 × 10 5 ions·cm -3 ) were applied to the kale seedlings for four weeks using high voltage air anion generators. The medium and high levels of air anions increased shoot fresh weight to approximately 1.5-fold compared to the control after four weeks. Medium and high-level air anion treatments led to significantly higher leaf area than the control. The medium level of air anions improved the photosynthetic rate at four weeks of treatment although there was no significant difference between air anion treatments and the control. In addition, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were significantly increased in the low and medium levels of air anion treatments, which likely supported biomass accumulation. Air anions also increased mineral uptake. The content of macroelements (P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) was at least 1.5-fold higher for plants exposed to RGB LEDs and 1.3-fold higher under RWB LEDs exposure. Microelements (Fe, Mn, and Zn) were increased at least 1.6-and 1.3-fold in kale shoots treated with air anions under RGB and RWB LEDs, respectively. In conclusion, air anions had a positive effect on kale growth and air anion generators could be used as a new technology for enhancing plant growth in plant factories and greenhouses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air anions improve growth and mineral content of kale in plant factories

Lee

Kang

Han

et al. 2015

Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol.

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“…For example, clean rural air typically contains around 500 to 2,000 small positive ions/cm3 and a slightly smaller number of negative ions (Kotaka, 1978). Many very common man-made and natural phenomena can alter this value, however.…”

Section: Other Sources Of Air Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HVDC power transmission environmental issues review

Bailey¹,

Weil²,

Stewart³

1997

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Thii report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to the public from the National Technical Information Servii, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22 16 1.This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nof any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal l i b i l i i or responsibili for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disdosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER IntroductionEnvironmental issues are addressed in the permitting process of every transmission line project, whether it be a new line or an upgrade of an existing line. In recent years, the most controversial issue associated with alternating current lines is the potential effects of electromagnetic fields on human health. However, environmental effects on animals, plant life and other electrical and communication systems also must be assessed in every case. Although different from ac lines, high voltage direct current (HVDC) lines also produce environmental effects that warrant review and assessment in every project. This report strives to define the various environmental effects associated with HVDC lines, discusses the current knowledge of their potential effects on biological and non-biological systems, and compares these effects associated with ac lines where appropriate. The Environment Near an Electric Power LineThe electrical environment of a high voltage transmission line can be characterized by three electrical parameters: 1) the electric field, 2) the air ion and charged aerosol concentration, and 3) the magnetic field. The electric field arises from both the electric charge on the conductors and for an HVDC transmission l i e , charges on air ions and aerosols surrounding the conductor.In addition, corona may also produce low levels of ozone, audible noise, electric field and radio interference. A magnetic field is produced by current flowing through the conductors. Summary of Key FindingsIons. Neither the animal nor human studies provide any reliable evidence for the proposition that air ions produce any harmful effects. In fact, there is considerable uncertainty as to whether there are any biological responses to air ions. At the levels produced by HVDC transmission lines, the possibility of risk to human health appears remote, if not vanishingly small. There are no published guidelines for maximum ex...

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“…Generally speaking, negative charge is believed to promote good health, whereas positive charge compromises health [7][8][9][15][16][17]. Nature provides a reasonably balanced supply of air ions; however more negative ions are found at places such as waterfalls and forests [18], which often elicit sensations of well-being.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shortly after, many scientists studied the biological effects of positive and negative air ions [3]. The effects include the killing of bacteria [4], changing the growth rate of plants and insects [5,6], as well as various physiological and behavioral changes in animals, including humans [7,8]. However, there is still no agreement to date on the mechanism of how the charged air ions affect biological system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Atmospheric Ions on Interfacial Water

Kung

Pollack

2014

Entropy

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Abstract:The effect of atmospheric positivity on the electrical properties of interfacial water was explored. Interfacial, or exclusion zone (EZ) water was created in the standard way, next to a sheet of Nafion placed horizontally at the bottom of a water-filled chamber. Positive atmospheric ions were created from a high voltage source placed above the chamber. Electrical potential distribution in the interfacial water was measured using microelectrodes. We found that beyond a threshold, the positive ions diminished the magnitude of the negative electrical potential in the interfacial water, sometimes even turning it to positive. Additionally, positive ions produced by an air conditioner were observed to generate similar effects; i.e., the electrical potential shifted in the positive direction but returned to negative when the air conditioner stopped blowing. Sometimes, the effect of the positive ions from the air conditioner was strong enough to destroy the structure of interfacial water by turning the potential decidedly positive. Thus, positive air ions can compromise interfacial water negativity and may explain the known negative impact of positive ions on health.

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Effects of Air Ions on Microorganisms and Other Biological Materials

Cited by 30 publications

References 90 publications

Air anions improve growth and mineral content of kale in plant factories

Air anions improve growth and mineral content of kale in plant factories

HVDC power transmission environmental issues review

Effect of Atmospheric Ions on Interfacial Water

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