Effects of agricultural practices on the flora of hedgerows and woodland edges in southern Quebec

Jobin, Benoı̂t; Boutin, Céline; DesGranges, Jean-Luc

doi:10.4141/p96-042

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Previous observations that hedgerows with adjacent arable Welds are relatively poor in forest species (Burel 1996; Table 5 Comparison of ecological responses and life history traits between forest species observed in the studied hedgerows, and those occurring in the region, but absent from the hedgerows a a Species preferring the interior and forest edges, respectively, were treated separately Boutin et al 2001) was supported in our study. Agricultural activities cause a high level of disturbance, and the application of fertilizers may increase the nutrient contents of the soil, resulting in a competitive dominance of nitrophilous non-forest species (Jobin et al 1997). The deposition of pesticides may also reduce species diversity (Tsiouris and Marshall 1998).…”

Section: Evects Of Single Explanatory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adjacent land use, especially ploughing near the basement of a hedgerow, misplacement of herbicides (Jobin et al 1997) and fertilizers (Tsiouris and Marshall 1998), leads to a high level of disturbance, with notable eVects on the distribution of herbaceous plants (Kleijn and Verbeek 2000). In addition, the structural and spatial conWguration of a hedgerow is known to aVect its species composition (Hegarty et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Factors influencing the spatial distribution of forest plant species in hedgerows of North-western Germany

Wehling

Diekmann

2007

Biodivers Conserv

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In North-western Germany woodland fragmentation has caused a decline in many forest plant species. Hedgerows partly oVer a similar environment as forests and have been identiWed as potential habitats for forest plants in various studies from North America and Western Europe. The objective of this study was to examine whether this applies also to Central Europe and which variables aVect the spatial distribution and abundance of forest plant species in hedgerows on a local scale. Three hedgerow networks north of the city of Bremen, Germany, were selected as study areas and divided into totally 515 hedgerow segments. In each segment we recorded all vascular plants and a large number of explanatory variables relating to structure, spatial conWguration, environment and management. Averaged across species there was a predominant eVect of environmental factors on the occurrence of forest species in the hedgerows, followed by spatial conWguration and management. Hedgerow structure was found to be less important. In general, forest species were favored by low nutrient and light availability as well as high connectivity with other hedgerows or forest; they avoided hedgerows with a west-easterly orientation and an adjacent land use in the form of Welds or grasslands. Forest species found and not found in hedgerows did not diVer in their environmental preferences or life history traits. The number of threatened forest species in the hedgerows, however, was lower than expected with respect to their overall proportion to the total number of forest species in the region.

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Section: Evects Of Single Explanatory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors influencing the spatial distribution of forest plant species in hedgerows of North-western Germany

Wehling

Diekmann

2007

Biodivers Conserv

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“…Rew et al (1992) found huge differences between different fertiliser spreader types, with up to 195% of mean field applications dispersing beyond field boundaries. Assuredly, the continual input of agrochemicals will determine which species can survive and thrive, and together with other factors, such as ploughing too close to field edges (Jobin et al 1997), will promote the formation of gaps, which in turn create suitable habitats for opportunistic weedy species to become established and flourish. On the other hand, habitats abutted to crop fields, when left undisturbed, are more prone to develop a community of perennial non-invasive species (Boatman and Sotherton 1988;Boatman 1992;Boutin and Jobin 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem of weed invasion in croplands from adjacent habitats has only been cursorily addressed in eastern Canada (Jobin et al 1997;Boutin and Jobin 1998). The objective of this study was to investigate weed abundance patterns in natural and planted woody hedgerows and in herbaceous field margins, and more specifically, to assess whether or not the various types of hedgerows and field margins act as reservoirs of weeds for invasion into fields.…”

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing weed composition in natural and planted hedgerows and in herbaceous field margins adjacent to crop fields

Boutin¹,

Jobin²,

Bélanger³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Choinière, L. 2001. Comparing weed composition in natural and planted hedgerows and in herbaceous field margins adjacent to crop fields. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 313-324. Hedgerows and field margins are common features of the agricultural landscape in southern Québec. In the last decade, hedgerow establishment has been encouraged primarily for the prevention of soil erosion, though many farmers view them as reservoirs of invasive weeds and pests. In this study, we compared weed assemblages of several hedgerow types and herbaceous field margins. Ranking that takes into consideration weed abundance was clearly demonstrated: planted hedgerows > herbaceous field margins > natural woody hedgerows. The latter harboured many perennial plant species of less weedy propensity than planted hedgerows, which accommodated a larger number of weedy species. In planted hedgerows close to 50% of plants were weeds, even in their central position, although planted and natural hedgerows sheltered similar weed composition in their central parts. Likewise, most species inventoried in adjacent fields were weeds. Weeds characterising the central position of hedgerows/field margins were often species of wet habitats (Lythrum salicaria L., Equisetum arvense L., Cicuta maculata L.). Management practices of hedgerows and perhaps of crop fields adjacent to hedgerows may be mostly responsible for the abundance of weeds in hedgerows and field margins. Les haies brise-vent et les bordures herbacées font partie intégrante du paysage agricole du Québec méridional. L'implantation de haies a récemment été encouragée pour réduire les problèmes liés à l'érosion éolienne mais plusieurs producteurs agricoles voient toujours les haies comme des réservoirs d'espèces nuisibles. Nous avons étudié la composition et la distribution des espèces végétales nuisibles aux cultures dans différents types de haies et un patron clair de l'abondance de ces espèces a été trouvé: haies plantées > bordures herbacées > haies naturelles boisées. Ce dernier type de haie abritait plus d'espèces vivaces non nuisibles aux cultures que les haies plantées lesquelles abritaient surtout des espèces nuisibles. Ainsi, plus de 50% des espèces retrouvées dans les haies plantées étaient des espèces nuisibles, même celles présentes au centre des haies, malgré le fait que la composition spécifique des espèces nuisibles retrouvées au centre des haies naturelles et plantées était similaire. La plupart des espèces inventoriées dans les champs adjacents étaient aussi des espèces nuisibles. Plusieurs des espèces nuisibles retrouvées au centre des haies et des bordures herbacées sont typiques des milieux humides (Lythrum salicaria L., Equisetum arvense L., Cicuta maculata L.). La présence d'espèces nuisibles dans les haies brise-vent et dans les bordures herbacées semble être une conséquence de l'aménagement des haies en soi et possiblement des pratiques agricoles ayant cours dans les champs cultivés adjacents.

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“…Conversely, it could be argued that crop fields and boundaries produce weeds that recurrently replenish the seedbank of woody hedgerows abutting fields. It has been shown that edges of fields contain a good complement of weedy species (Marshall 1989;Wilson and Aebischer 1995;Jobin et al 1997;Boutin and Jobin 1998), and that plant dispersal can occur over relatively long distances (Archibold and Hume 1983;Hume 1986) . In addition, the age of the hedgerows in this study (> 25 yr) seems to indicate that some species may have remained dormant in the seedbank for some time.…”

Section: Agronomic and Conservation Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the vegetation and seedbanks of soybean fields, adjacent boundaries, and hedgerows in Ontario

Boutin¹

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Boutin, C. 2006. Comparison of the vegetation and seedbanks of soybean fields, adjacent boundaries, and hedgerows in Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 557-567. Patterns of plant assemblages in habitats located within agroecosystems are poorly understood. A study of the seedbank and standing vegetation in 10 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields, their adjacent boundaries, and adjoining woody hedgerows was undertaken in Ontario. The objective was to examine the composition of plants of conservation value and weedy species in these habitats. The seedbank of each habitat was determined from soil cores in quadrats located at regular intervals along transects, using the seedling emergence method in the greenhouse. The vegetation was surveyed in plots adjacent to the seedbank sampling areas. There was no significant difference in total species richness of vegetation or the seedbank among habitat types. However, there was a marked difference in species composition. In the seedbank, no difference in weed species richness among habitats was observed. In vegetation, however, fields harboured significantly more weedy species than adjacent boundaries and hedgerows. The dissimilarity between the seedbank and the vegetation was confirmed in detrended correspondence analyses, which showed that hedgerow vegetation, and to a lesser extent boundary vegetation, differed from field vegetation and all the habitats of the seedbank. The analysis of soil properties indicated that organic matter and nutrient levels were often higher in hedgerows than in fields. It can be concluded that hedgerows are valuable habitats for plant diversity and that weed species represent a minor component of their overall vegetation composition. On a identifié les semences présentes dans chaque habitat à partir des carottes de sol prélevées dans des cadrats situés à intervalles réguliers le long de transects, en recourant à la méthode de germination en serre. Les plantes dans les parcelles contiguës aux sites échantillonnés pour l'identification des semences ont égale-ment été recensées. La diversité globale des espèces identifiées d'après leur graine ne varie pas de manière significative avec l'habitat. Cependant, on note une nette variation dans la composition des espèces. Ainsi, pour les semences, la diversité des adventices ne varie pas avec l'habitat. En revanche, dans la végétation, on constate que les champs abritent considérablement plus d'espèces adventices que les bordures et les haies adjacentes. Cette différence entre les semences et la végétation est confirmée par l'analyse des correspondances après suppression des tendances. Celle-ci révèle que la végétation dans les haies et, dans une moindre mesure, celle des terrains limitrophes, diffèrent de celle qu'on trouve dans les champs ainsi que les habitats d'où viennent les semences. L'analyse des propriétés du sol indique que la concentration de matière organique et d'éléments nutritifs est souvent plus élevée dans les haies que dans les champs. On en conclut que les haies constituent un habita...

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Effects of agricultural practices on the flora of hedgerows and woodland edges in southern Quebec

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Factors influencing the spatial distribution of forest plant species in hedgerows of North-western Germany

Factors influencing the spatial distribution of forest plant species in hedgerows of North-western Germany

Comparing weed composition in natural and planted hedgerows and in herbaceous field margins adjacent to crop fields

Comparison of the vegetation and seedbanks of soybean fields, adjacent boundaries, and hedgerows in Ontario

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