Effects of agricultural pesticides on the reproductive system of aquatic wildlife species, with crocodilians as sentinel species

Tavalieri, Yamil Ezequiel; Galoppo, G.H.; Canesini, Guillermina; Luque, Enrique H.; Muñoz-de-Toro, Mónica

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2020.110918

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…For example, propazine has scarcely been examined in this respect, and the effects of atrazine on sperm have been studied to a limited extent only. As found in other studies, atrazine can behave as an anti-androgen, xenoestrogen and oestrogen agonist [37]. Epidemiological studies conducted in USA have revealed sperm concentration and motility to be reduced by atrazine exposure in humans [38].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Determination of atrazine and propazine metabolites deemed endocrine disruptors in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS

Robledo

Vendrell

García-Cifuentes

et al. 2022

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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Background The increasing prevalence of male infertility and the declining trend in sperm quality has been associated to compounds known as “endocrine-disruptors”. The proven endocrine-disrupting effects of atrazine and propazine herbicides led us to conduct long-term research based on highly accurate specific analytical methods with a view to confirming the suspected association. Among the proposed developments was a sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous determination of three metabolites of atrazine and propazine. Results In this work, the method was for first time used for the chromatographic separation and determination of deethyl- and deisopropyl-atrazine (DEA and DIA, respectively) and propazine-2-hydroxy (PP-2OH) in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS using deuterated atrazine (d5-AT) as internal standard (IS). Chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions such as the mobile phase composition and flow-rate, injected volume, dry gas source temperature and flow-rate, nebulizer pressure and capillary voltage were all carefully optimized. Analytes were identified and quantified by using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode as applied to positive ions ([M + H]+). Transitions at three different m/z values for each analyte were selected from precursor ions, and the 212.1 → [128]+, 188.1 → [146]+ and 174.1 → [68.1]+ transitions for PP-2OH, DEA and DIA, respectively, were found to be quantitative. The proposed method was validated in terms of precision (repeatability and reproducibility), linear range (10–240 ng mL–1), limit of detection (150–210 pg mL–1), and quantification (500–700 pg mL–1), recovery, accuracy and matrix effects on extracts from variably treated seminal plasma samples. The overall analytical method was successfully applied to human seminal plasma samples from volunteers. PP-2OH was found at concentrations from 1.10 to 11.3 ng mL–1 in four of the six samples, and so was DIA at 9.60 ng mL–1 in one. Conclusions These results are suggestive of bioaccumulation of the target analytes in humans. Untargeted analytes including suspected parent molecules (atrazine and propazine) and other ions [viz., deethyldeisopropyl-atrazine (DD) and diamino-s-chlorotriazine (DACT)] were also detected under the working conditions used. These results may open up new prospects for as yet very incipient research into the bioaccumulation of endocrine disruptors in seminal plasma. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Determination of atrazine and propazine metabolites deemed endocrine disruptors in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS

Robledo

Vendrell

García-Cifuentes

et al. 2022

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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“…We have also shown through docking studies and bioinformatic analysis that ES can bind to the ligand-binding site of the androgen receptor with considerable energy compared to its natural ligand dihydrotestosterone in the previous study ( Sebastian and Raghavan, 2015a ). The reproductive toxicity of ES is not limited to mammals but also extended to various other animals like zebrafish ( Han et al, 2011 ), crocodiles ( Tavalieri et al, 2020 ), C. elegans ( Du et al, 2015 ) and Newt ( Park et al, 2001 ) indicating that it could affect most forms of life in the ecosystem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice

et al. 2022

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Increased infertility in humans is attributed to the increased use of environmental chemicals in the last several decades. Various studies have identified pesticides as one of the causes of reproductive toxicity. In a previous study, infertility was observed in male mice due to testicular atrophy and decreased sperm count when a sublethal dose of endosulfan (3 mg/kg) with a serum concentration of 23 μg/L was used. However, the serum concentration of endosulfan was much higher (up to 500 μg/L) in people living in endosulfan-exposed areas compared to the one used in the investigation. To mimic the situation in an experimental setup, mice were exposed to 5 mg/kg body weight of endosulfan, and reproductive toxicity and long-term impact on the general biology of animals were examined. HPLC analysis revealed a serum concentration of ∼50 μg/L of endosulfan after 24 h endosulfan exposure affected the normal physiology of mice. Histopathological studies suggest a persistent, severe effect on reproductive organs where vacuole degeneration of basal germinal epithelial cells and degradation of the interstitial matrix were observed in testes. Ovaries showed a reduction in the number of mature Graafian follicles. At the same time, mild vacuolation in liver hepatocytes and changes in the architecture of the lungs were observed. Endosulfan exposure induced DNA damage and mutations in germ cells at the molecular level. Interestingly, even after 8 months of endosulfan exposure, we observed increased DNA breaks in reproductive tissues. An increased DNA Ligase III expression was also observed, consistent with reported elevated levels of MMEJ-mediated repair. Further, we observed the generation of tumors in a few of the treated mice with time. Thus, the study not only explores the changes in the general biology of the mice upon exposure to endosulfan but also describes the molecular mechanism of its long-term effects.

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“…The herbicide atrazine (ATZ) is among the environmental substances classi ed as EDCs due to its estrogenic, anti-androgenic and thyroid-disrupting activity (Elkayar et al, 2022;Galoppo et al, 2020;Hayes et al, 2011). Although the half-life time of ATZ is relatively short when compared to pollutants classi ed as persistent, and its physicochemical properties do not favor bioaccumulation, the presence of ATZ in groundwater, freshwater, sea water, soil, and animal tissues (Tavalieri et al, 2020) evidences its wide and continuous environmental input as well as its large dispersal rate. Thus, wildlife species that are not target of herbicides can be exposed to ATZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of the developmental programming of the gonad of the broad snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) after in ovo exposure to atrazine

Canesini

Galoppo

Tavalieri

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Environmental exposure to agrochemicals during early stages of development can induce subtle alterations that could permanently affect normal physiology. Previously, we reported that in ovo exposure to atrazine (ATZ) disrupts testicular histoarchitecture in postnatal caimans (Caiman latirostris). To assess whether such alterations are the result of disruption of gonadal developmental programming, this study aimed to evaluate the expression of histofunctional biomarkers (VASA, ER, PR, PCNA, and aromatase) and genes involved in gonadal development and differentiation (amh, sox-9, sf-1 and cyp19-a1) in the gonads of male and female caiman embryos and to assess the effect of ATZ exposure on these biomarkers and genes in the gonads of male embryos. Our results suggest that amh, aromatase and sox-9 play a role in sex determination and gonadal differentiation. In male caiman embryos, ATZ exposure increased aromatase expression and altered the temporal expression pattern of amh and sox-9 evidencing an ATZ-induced disruption of gonadal developmental programming. Since the effects of ATZ are consistent across all vertebrate classes, the ATZ-mediated disruptive effects here observed could be present in other vertebrate species.

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Effects of agricultural pesticides on the reproductive system of aquatic wildlife species, with crocodilians as sentinel species

Abstract: Effects of agricultural pesticides on the reproductive system of aquatic wildlife species, with crocodilians as sentinel species,

Cited by 25 publications

References 123 publications

Determination of atrazine and propazine metabolites deemed endocrine disruptors in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS

Determination of atrazine and propazine metabolites deemed endocrine disruptors in human seminal plasma by LC–ESI-MS/MS

Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice

Disruption of the developmental programming of the gonad of the broad snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) after in ovo exposure to atrazine

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