Effects of Aging on Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat Areas and on Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance and Insulin Secretion Capacity in a Comprehensive Health Checkup

Hara, Hiroshi; Takayama, M.; Iwao, Yasushi; Kawabe, Hiroshi

doi:10.5551/jat.30700

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Nonetheless, age and BMI levels between those who have visceral adiposity data and those who did not have were not largely different within the trajectory group (Supplementary Table S3). Further, our data on visceral and subcutaneous fat28, insulin resistance29, and β-cell function29 are comparable to previous Japanese studies. Additionally, our finding of low ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat (more subcutaneous fat accumulation) in obese adults are consistent with previous findings30.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Body mass index trajectory patterns and changes in visceral fat and glucose metabolism before the onset of type 2 diabetes

Kuwahara

Honda

Nakagawa

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We investigated BMI trajectory patterns before diabetes diagnosis and examined associated changes in visceral adiposity and glucose metabolism. 23,978 non-diabetic Japanese participants (2,789 women) aged 30–64 years were assessed with a mean follow-up of 7.6 years. Diabetes was diagnosed via fasting glucose, HbA1c, and self-report. Latent-class trajectory analyses were performed to identify BMI trajectories. Longitudinal changes in BMI, visceral adiposity, and glucose metabolism were estimated using mixed models. 1,892 individuals developed diabetes. Three distinct BMI trajectories were identified in adults developing and not developing diabetes, respectively. Among adults developing diabetes, 47.3% were classified as “medium BMI” (n = 895), and had increased mean BMI within the obesity category before diagnosis. The “low BMI” group (38.4%, n = 726) had an initial mean BMI of 21.9 kg/m2, and demonstrated small weight gain. The “high BMI” group (n = 271) were severely obese and showed greater increase in BMI until diagnosis. All groups which developed diabetes showed absolute and/or relative increase in visceral fat and impaired β-cell compensation for insulin resistance. All groups not developing diabetes showed measured variables were relatively stable during observation. These data suggest that visceral fat gain may induce β-cell failure in compensation for insulin resistance, resulting in diabetes regardless of obesity level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Body mass index trajectory patterns and changes in visceral fat and glucose metabolism before the onset of type 2 diabetes

Kuwahara

Honda

Nakagawa

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Specifically, the secretion products of the mesenteric and omental adipose tissue depots are more strongly associated with metabolic complications of obesity compared with the secretion products of the subcutaneous fat depots . This is consistent with the fact that individuals with T2D have increased visceral fat depots and are characterized by increased inflammatory profile and increased insulin resistance. Several studies show that inflammatory cytokines and adipokines are also related to decreased muscle mass and strength (Figure ) .…”

Section: Determinants Of Muscle Masssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Alternatively, it could be caused by excess adiposity or circulating lipid levels. It is estimated that approximately 80% of all individuals with T2D are affected by overweight or obesity, which leads to increased lipid deposition in visceral and ectopic fat depots, including skeletal muscle and liver . In addition, many patients with T2D have decreased physical activity levels, which contributes to the accumulation of fat.…”

Section: Determinants Of Muscle Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies estimated that approximately 80% of all individuals with T2D suffer from overweight or obesity . This means there is increased fat storage in subcutaneous and visceral fat depots, as well as lipid accumulation in ectopic fat depots, including skeletal muscle and liver . It is well established that obesity plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of both insulin resistance and muscle atrophy in patients with type 2 diabetes

2019

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Summary Insulin resistance and muscle mass loss often coincide in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Most patients with type 2 diabetes are overweight, and it is well established that obesity and derangements in lipid metabolism play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in these individuals. Specifically, increased adipose tissue mass and dysfunctional adipose tissue lead to systemic lipid overflow and to low‐grade inflammation via altered secretion of adipokines and cytokines. Furthermore, an increased flux of fatty acids from the adipose tissue may contribute to increased fat storage in the liver and in skeletal muscle, resulting in an altered secretion of hepatokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. Recent studies suggest that obesity and lipid derangements in adipose tissue can also lead to the development of muscle atrophy, which would make insulin resistance and muscle atrophy two sides of the same coin. Unfortunately, the exact relationship between lipid accumulation, type 2 diabetes, and muscle atrophy remains largely unexplored. The aim of this review is to discuss the relationship between type 2 diabetes and muscle loss and to discuss some of the joint pathways through which lipid accumulation in organs may affect peripheral insulin sensitivity and muscle mass.

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“…Endocrine senescence includes insulin resistance and increased levels of circulating insulin , a powerful tumor growth factor. The use of metformin, which reduces the levels of circulating insulin, is associated with a more prolonged survival in women with metastatic breast cancer , while insulin resistance increases the risk of pancreatic cancer . Proliferative senescence of fibroblasts is associated with the so‐called senescence‐associated secretory phenotype .…”

Section: Analysis Of the Clinical Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Cancer in the Older Age Person: An Approach to Complex Medical Decisions

et al. 2017

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The management of cancer in older aged people is becoming a common problem due to the aging of the population. There are many variables determining the complex situation that are interconnected. Some of them can be assessed, such as risk of mortality and risk of treatment complications, but many others are still unknown, such as the course of disease, the host-related factors that influence cancer aggressiveness, and the phenotype heralding risk of permanent treatment-related damage.This article presents a dynamic and personalized approach to older people with cancer based on our experience on aging, cancer, and their biological interactions. Also, novel treatments and management approaches to older individuals, based on their functional age and their social and emotional needs, are thoughtfully explored here. The Oncologist 2017;22:335-342 Implications for Practice: The goal of this article is to suggest a practical approach to complexity, a clinical situation becoming increasingly common with the aging of the population. Beginning with the analysis of two clinical cases, the authors offer an algorithm for approaching cancer in the older person that involves the assessment of life expectancy without cancer, the risk that cancer might compromise a patient's survival, function, or quality of life, and the potential benefits and risks of the treatments based on a clinical evaluation. The authors then review possible laboratory assessment of functional age and the importance of rapid-learning databases in the study of cancer and age.

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Effects of Aging on Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat Areas and on Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance and Insulin Secretion Capacity in a Comprehensive Health Checkup

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Body mass index trajectory patterns and changes in visceral fat and glucose metabolism before the onset of type 2 diabetes

Body mass index trajectory patterns and changes in visceral fat and glucose metabolism before the onset of type 2 diabetes

Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of both insulin resistance and muscle atrophy in patients with type 2 diabetes

Management of Cancer in the Older Age Person: An Approach to Complex Medical Decisions

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