Effects of aggregation on implicit bias measurement

Hannay, Jason W.; Payne, B. Keith

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104331

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Accordingly, future research that examines the potential role of implicit (or explicit) evaluations in shaping facial representations might benefit from greater structural fit between measures, larger samples of image generators, multiple assessments of implicit evaluations and facial representations [ 73 , 74 ], an image-processing approach that protects against Type-1 error inflation and strikes a balance between reducing noise and maintaining some image-generator variability (i.e., subgroup images) [ 45 , 53 , 75 ], or other procedures that maximize true-score variance and minimize error variance on these tasks. Such procedures could also be helpful for research aiming to predict downstream implications of biased facial representations (e.g., support for different immigration policies).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergroup evaluative bias in facial representations of immigrants and citizens in the United States

Hutchings,

Morgan,

Sherman

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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We used a reverse-correlation image-classification paradigm to visualize facial representations of immigrants and citizens in the United States. Visualizations of immigrants’ faces were judged by independent raters as less trustworthy and less competent and were more likely to be categorized as a non-White race/ethnicity than were visualizations of citizens’ faces. Additionally, image generators’ personal characteristics (e.g., implicit and explicit evaluations of immigrants, nativity status) did not reliably track with independent judges’ ratings of image generators’ representations of immigrants. These findings suggest that anti-immigrant sentiment and racial/ethnic assumptions characterize facial representations of immigrants in the United States, even among people who harbor positivity toward immigrants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergroup evaluative bias in facial representations of immigrants and citizens in the United States

Hutchings,

Morgan,

Sherman

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…All psychological concepts are relative and occur along a continuum from less to more, including implicit bias (Hannay & Payne, 2022), inclusion of self in other (Aron et al, 1992), affective polarization (Iyengar et al, 2012), romantic attraction (Rubin, 1970), level of regret (Brehaut et al, 2003), dominance (Pratto et al, 1994), extraversion (Ashton & Lee, 2009), and essentialism (Yaylacı et al, 2021). While we may say that someone is "extraverted" or "biased" what we really mean is that they are more extraverted or biased than someone else.…”

Section: Victimhood Is a Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimhood: The Most Powerful Force in Morality and Politics

Gray,

Kubin

2024

Preprint

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Victimhood drives morality and politics. Morality evolved to protect from victimization, and today morality still revolves around concerns about victimhood and harm. Unfortunately, liberals and conservatives often identify different victims, creating political division. In this review of the psychology of perceived victimhood, we demonstrate its power and complexity. First, we look at evolution to explore why victimhood is so powerful, highlighting one neglected fact about human nature: humans are more prey than predator. Second, we examine three different definitions of what victimhood is based on understandings of individuals, groups, and morality, and how these definitions of victimhood can set the stage for conflict. Third, we explore how victimhood matters in judgments of others. It forms the core of moral judgments: people condemn acts based on how much these acts seem to victimize others. People also typecast others as victims or victimizers. Fourth, we review when people see themselves as a victim, and how this licenses selfishness. Finally, we show how victimhood inflames moral and political division, but also how it can bridge divides through sharing and acknowledging experiences of suffering.

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“…The Bias of Crowds model argues that these findings are incompatible with individual-difference perspectives on implicit attitudes and proposes that responses on implicit measures primarily reflect contextual influences as a more parsimonious explanation. Supporting this perspective, Hannay and Payne (2022) found that aggregating individuals' responses across multiple measurement occasions did not increase the relationship between implicit attitudes and behavior -arguing that there is little consistency in implicit attitudes within individuals for aggregation to amplify (but see Carpenter et al, 2022). Similarly, to the extent that implicit attitudes are a feature of social contexts rather than of individuals, then implicit attitudes should correspond with markers of structural inequality.…”

Section: Implicit Attitudes As Context-dependent Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the reliability and stability of cognitive processes contributing to responses on the Implicit Association Test

Elder¹,

Wilson;Wilson²,

Calanchini³

2022

Preprint

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Implicit measures were initially assumed to assess stable individual differences, but other perspectives posit that they instead reflect context-dependent processes. The present, pre-registered research investigates the extent to which responses on the Implicit Association Test reflect stable versus context-dependent processes using multinomial processing tree modeling to disentangle the joint contributions of multiple cognitive processes. We applied two models – the Quad model and the Process Dissociation Procedure – to six independent datasets (total N = 2,036), each collected in a repeated-measures design over two occasions, examined the retest reliability and internal consistency of model parameters, and meta-analyzed the results. Parameters reflecting control-oriented processes in both models demonstrate adequate within-measurement recoverability and fair between-measurement retest reliability, which suggests that these processes are relatively stable within individuals. In contrast, parameters reflecting evaluative associations demonstrate moderate recoverability but poor retest reliability, which suggests that these processes are not stable within individuals. These findings illustrate that the extent to which implicit attitudes are state- or trait-like depends on the process in question, which has practical implications for predicting behavior using the Implicit Association Test.

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Effects of aggregation on implicit bias measurement

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Intergroup evaluative bias in facial representations of immigrants and citizens in the United States

Intergroup evaluative bias in facial representations of immigrants and citizens in the United States

Victimhood: The Most Powerful Force in Morality and Politics

Estimating the reliability and stability of cognitive processes contributing to responses on the Implicit Association Test

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