Effects of age, sex, and race on ECG interval measurements

Macfarlane, Peter W.; McLaughlin, S C; Devine, Brian; Yang, Ten-Fang

doi:10.1016/s0022-0736(94)80039-1

Cited by 152 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, similar to findings in normal subjects, there was a non-significant tendency for QT c to be longer in hypertensive females than males. [7][8][9] Previous published studies of gender difference have not matched males and females for the presence or absence of LVH. As QT intervals are prolonged in those with LVH, gender differences in prevalence of LVH may have partially explained differences in QT intervals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Data in normotensives suggest that heart-rate corrected QT length (QT c ) is prolonged in females compared with males, but that QT d is greater in males than females. [7][8][9] There are few data comparing QT parameters between different ethnic groups. In a large population study of normotensive Americans, QT c was found to be shorter in African-Americans than in whites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnic and gender differences in electrocardiographic QT length and QT dispersion in hypertensive subjects

et al. 2000

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic and gender differences in electrocardiographic QT length and QT dispersion in hypertensive subjects

et al. 2000

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“…This peak is not an artefact of the modelling method, but can be observed in the primary data from a number of studies that report multiple measurements on infants under one year of age. [20][21][22][23][24][25] The median heart rate in this age range increases from 127 beats/minute at birth, reaching a maximum of 145 beats/minute at approximately one month of age, before decreasing to 113 beats/minute by two years of age.…”

Section: Centiles Of Normal Heart Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Normal ranges of heart rate and respiratory rate in children from birth to 18 years of age: a systematic review of observational studies

et al. 2011

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“…Prolonged QTc time is associated with an increased risk of both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population [19,20]. Long QTc time is related to several factors-older age, coronary heart disease, intake of certain drugs and presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN, a serious complication of diabetes), as well as hypoglycaemia [18,21,22].…”

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confidence: 99%

The impact of metabolic control and QTc prolongation on all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers

Fagher

Löndahl

2013

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis The increased all-cause mortality in patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcers cannot fully be explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The significance of heart-rate-corrected QT (QTc) prolongation, a finding often seen in these patients, is unknown. Recently, the importance of metabolic control and hypoglycaemia has been discussed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different HbA 1c levels and QTc prolongation on all-cause mortality in the high-risk population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and foot ulcers. Methods All patients with type 2 diabetes, younger than 80 years, visiting our diabetes foot unit, with a foot ulcer duration >4 weeks, were screened for participation. Patients on dialysis were excluded. Patients were grouped according to HbA 1c level and QTc time ≤ or >440 ms. Results Patients (n=214, median age 69.1 years) were grouped according to HbA 1c level (HbA 1c <7.5% [<58 mmol/mol] n=81, 7.5-8.9% [58-74 mmol/mol] n=70, >8.9% [>74 mmol/ mol] n=63). Baseline characteristics, including use of potential hypoglycaemic drugs, were similar between groups. During the 8 years of follow-up 151 patients died (70.6%) and HbA 1c < 7.5% (<58 mmol/mol) was strongly associated with increased mortality. The highest mortality was seen in patients with a combination of HbA 1c <7.5% (<58 mmol/mol) and QTc prolongation, with an 8 year mortality of 92.1% as compared with 48.8% in those with HbA 1c < 7.5% (<58 mmol/mol) but without QTc prolongation. Conclusion/interpretations HbA 1c <7.5% (<58 mmol/mol) in a high-risk population of patients with type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers is associated with a significantly higher mortality, particularly in patients with QTc prolongation.

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Effects of age, sex, and race on ECG interval measurements

Cited by 152 publications

References 5 publications

Ethnic and gender differences in electrocardiographic QT length and QT dispersion in hypertensive subjects

Ethnic and gender differences in electrocardiographic QT length and QT dispersion in hypertensive subjects

Normal ranges of heart rate and respiratory rate in children from birth to 18 years of age: a systematic review of observational studies

The impact of metabolic control and QTc prolongation on all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers

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