Effects of Age and Passage Difficulty on Listening-Rate Preferences for Time-Altered Speech

Wingfield, Arthur; Ducharme, Julie L.

doi:10.1093/geronb/54b.3.p199

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…This rate is within the preferred listening range of adults (Gade & Mills 1989;Wingfield & Ducharme 1999), and has been identified as the preferred rate for unimpaired adults (Cain & Lass 1974;Lass & Fultz 1976). It is slightly faster than the preferred rate of slightly over 150 words per minute for aphasic adults reported by Reinsche, Wohlert and Porch (1983).…”

Section: Linguistic Stimulisupporting

confidence: 62%

Automatic processing of wh- and NP-movement in agrammatic aphasia: Evidence from eyetracking

Dickey

Thompson

2006

Brain and Language

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Section: Linguistic Stimulisupporting

confidence: 62%

Automatic processing of wh- and NP-movement in agrammatic aphasia: Evidence from eyetracking

Dickey

Thompson

2006

Brain and Language

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“…Listeners with poorer hearing showed worse recall. However, when listeners were allowed to pace their own way through the story, the performance of the hearing-impaired listeners improved, suggesting a cognitive locus for their recall difficulty (ameliorated with increased processing time; see also Wingfield & Ducharme, 1999; Wingfield, Tun, Koh, & Rosen, 1999). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Age, Acoustic Challenge, and Verbal Working Memory on Recall of Narrative Speech

Ward

Rogers

Engen

et al. 2015

Experimental Aging Research

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Background A common goal during speech comprehension is to remember what we have heard. Encoding speech into long-term memory frequently requires processes such as verbal working memory that may also be involved in processing degraded speech. Here we tested whether young and older adult listeners’ memory for short stories was worse when the stories were acoustically degraded, or whether the additional contextual support provided by a narrative would protect against these effects. Methods We tested 30 young adults (aged 18–28 years) and 30 older adults (aged 65–79 years) with good self-reported hearing. Participants heard short stories that were presented as normal (unprocessed) speech, or acoustically degraded using a noise vocoding algorithm with 24 or 16 channels. The degraded stories were still fully intelligible. Following each story, participants were asked to repeat the story in as much detail as possible. Recall was scored using a modified idea unit scoring approach, which included separately scoring hierarchical levels of narrative detail. Results Memory for acoustically degraded stories was significantly worse than for normal stories at some levels of narrative detail. Older adults’ memory for the stories was significantly worse overall, but there was no interaction between age and acoustic clarity or level of narrative detail. Verbal working memory (assessed by reading span) significantly correlated with recall accuracy for both young and older adults, whereas hearing ability (better ear pure-tone average) did not. Conclusion Our findings are consistent with a framework in which the additional cognitive demands caused by a degraded acoustic signal use resources that would otherwise be available for memory encoding for both young and older adults. Verbal working memory is a likely candidate for supporting both of these processes.

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“…However, it may conflict with the findings of Wingfield and his colleagues who compared young and older adults' segmentation strategies, preferred presentation times, and allocation of processing time during listening and reading tasks. Wingfield et al (1989Wingfield et al ( , 1999 showed that older adults prefer slower speech rates but also smaller segments than young adults. Stine-Morrow et al (1995) showed that older adults ignore clause, phrase, and sentence boundaries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Eye movements of young and older adults during reading.

Kemper¹,

Liu²

2007

Psychology and Aging

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The eye movements of young and older adults were tracked as they read sentences varying in syntactic complexity. In Experiment 1, cleft object and object relative clause sentences were more difficult to process than cleft subject and subject relative clause sentences; however, older adults made many more regressions, resulting in increased regression path fixation times and total fixation times, than young adults while processing cleft object and object relative clause sentences. In Experiment 2, older adults experience more difficulty than young adults while reading cleft and relative clause sentences with temporary syntactic ambiguities created by deleting the "that" complementizers. Regression analyses indicated that readers with smaller working memories need more regressions and longer fixation times to process cleft object and object relative clause sentences. These results suggest that age-associated declines in working memory do affect syntactic processing. Caplan and Waters (1999) have argued that syntactic processing and other interpretive processes rely on a specialized processing system with a separate sentence-interpretation resource, unrelated to traditional span measures of working memory. The Caplan and Waters' theory (1999) predicts similar patterns of on-line processing for all readers since interpretive processes are buffered from individual differences in working memory. Waters and Caplan (1996, 1997) have directly examined the hypothesis that working memory limitations affect older adults' ability to process complex sentences. These studies have used the auditory moving windows paradigm (Ferreira, Henderson, Anes, Weeks, & McFarlane, 1996). This technique allows the listener to start and stop the presentation of sentence and permits the analysis of phrase-by-phrase listening times, analogous to visual moving windows paradigms which permit the analysis of word-by-word or phrase-by-phrase reading times. The studies by Caplan and Waters typically examine the processing of subject-and object-relative clause constructions, such as those below: Subject Relative Clause:The lawyer that knew the banker asked for a loan. Object Relative Clause:The lawyer that the banker knew asked for a loan.The subject relative clause construction imposes few processing demands on the reader or the listener: the subject of the main clause, the lawyer, is also the subject of the embedded relative clause. The object relative clause construction challenges the reader or listener to assign the correct syntactic relations: the subject of the main clause, the lawyer, must also be interpreted Address correspondence to: Susan Kemper Gerontology Center, 3090 Dole HDC 1000 Sunnyside Ave. University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66045 Telephone: 785 864-4131 Email: SKEMPER@KU.EDU. Publisher's Disclaimer: The following manuscript is the final accepted manuscript. It has not been subjected to the final copyediting, fact-checking, and proofreading required for formal publication. It is not the definitive, publisher-authenticated v...

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Effects of Age and Passage Difficulty on Listening-Rate Preferences for Time-Altered Speech

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Automatic processing of wh- and NP-movement in agrammatic aphasia: Evidence from eyetracking

Automatic processing of wh- and NP-movement in agrammatic aphasia: Evidence from eyetracking

Effects of Age, Acoustic Challenge, and Verbal Working Memory on Recall of Narrative Speech

Eye movements of young and older adults during reading.

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