Effects of age and loading rate on equine cortical bone failure

Kulin, Robb M.; Jiang, Fengchun; Vecchio, Kenneth S.

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.09.006

Cited by 81 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Lee and Park [22] found qualitative evidence of anisotropy, in agreement with Adharapurapu et al [18] using the SHPB technique; however, their experiments also did not achieve specimen dynamic equilibrium, necessary as outlined by Chen and Song [23]. Similarly, Kulin et al [24] studied the effect of loading rate and age on the failure and compressive behavior of equine cortical bone and found it to be strain rate dependent and anisotropic. They found that the longitudinal direction was both stronger and stiffer at all loading rates compared to transverse specimens, with strength and stiffness increasing as strain rate increased.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Like human bone, bovine and equine bone strength measured by Adharapurapu et al [18], Bekker et al [20], and Kulin et al [24], respectively showed rate dependence in compression and found that the behavior was linear with strain rate when plotted in a semi-log plot. Bovine and equine bones had higher ultimate stresses compared to the human bones used in this study, underscoring the necessity for human tissue studies at high strain rates, as these are the rates that are relevant to extreme dynamic environments when developing material response models to be used for numerical simulations of events where humans are involved.…”

Section: Comparison Of Cortical Bone Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Aside from the work of Lewis and Goldsmith [12,13], previous research [18,22,24] used traditional SHPB assumptions to measure specimen strain or fracture response. Bone fails at relatively small strains and can be modeled as an elastic material similar to brittle materials, such as ceramics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Orientation Dependent Compressive Response of Human Femoral Cortical Bone as a Function of Strain Rate

Weerasooriya

Sanborn

Gunnarsson

et al. 2016

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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Under extreme environments, such as a blast or impact event, the human body is subjected to high-rate loading, which can result in damage such as torn tissues and broken bones. The ability to numerically simulate these events would help improve the design of protective gear by iterating different configurations of protective equipment to reduce injuries. Computer codes capable of simulating these events require accurate rate-dependent material models representing the material deformation and failure (or injury) to properly predict the response of human body during simulation. Therefore, the high-rate material response must be measured to allow for simulation of high-rate events. This study seeks to quantify the highrate mechanical response of human femoral cortical bone for use in high fidelity human anatomical models. Cortical bone compression specimens were extracted from the longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the long axis of the femur from three male donors, ages 36, 43, and 50. The compressive behavior of the cortical bone was studied at quasi-static (0.001/s), intermediate (1/s), and dynamic (*1000/s) strain rates using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar to determine the strain rate dependency and anisotropic effect on the strength of bone. The results indicate that cortical bone is anisotropic and stronger in the longitudinal direction compared to the transverse direction.The human cortical bone compressive response was also rate dependent in both directions, demonstrating significant increase in strength with increase in strain rate. Additionally, as the strain rate increased from intermediate to dynamic, a decrease in the elongation at transverse orientation was observed, which would indicate the bone becomes more brittle.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Comparison Of Cortical Bone Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Orientation Dependent Compressive Response of Human Femoral Cortical Bone as a Function of Strain Rate

Weerasooriya

Sanborn

Gunnarsson

et al. 2016

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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“…Because human tissue is viscoelastic, its loading response is time dependent and less prone to injury at lower rates of loading. 17,30 For these reasons, a midfoot or forefoot strike pattern may be beneficial in reducing symptoms in runners with PFP.…”

Section: Roy Th Cheung Pt Phd 1 • Irene S Davis Pt Phdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landing Pattern Modification to Improve Patellofemoral Pain in Runners: A Case Series

Cheung

Davis

2011

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

203

161

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“…The brittle hard mineral determines the strength and stiffness of the tissue and does not affect its strain-rate sensitivity (Kulin et al, 2011;Currey, 1988;Ritchie et al, 2009). However, ductile collagen, as a viscoelastic material, contributes to the rate-dependent fracture toughness of bone (Zioupos, 2001, Kulin et al, 2011Wang et al, 2001;Buehler et al, 2008;Gautieri et al, 2009). Apart from the mineral and organic content, the biomechanical properties of bone are also related to water content, porosity (density), age and gender (Rincón et al, 2004, Koester et al, 2011.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive marks from gravel substrate on vertebrate remains: a preliminary experimental study

Marin-Monfort

Pesquero

Fernández–Jalvo

2014

Quaternary International

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Lakeshore sites such as Cerro de la Garita (Miocene of Teruel, Spain) and Senèze (Pliocene of Haute-Loire, France) yielded fossils with distinct puncture marks. These marks were described as "punctures surrounded by plastically deformed bone" by Pesquero (2006), Pesquero et al. (in press) and Fernández-Jalvo et al. (in press) who proposed that the marks were caused by compression or trampling on bones against coarse sediment grain when deposited in damp environments. A series of experiments was performed to test this hypothesis. Cow, red deer and fallow deer metapodials were compressed by applying a mechanical load on them against a gravel substrate under dry/damp environments. Results confirm that these characteristic puncture marks are associated with compression efforts on bones in wet environments.

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Effects of age and loading rate on equine cortical bone failure

Cited by 81 publications

References 63 publications

Orientation Dependent Compressive Response of Human Femoral Cortical Bone as a Function of Strain Rate

Orientation Dependent Compressive Response of Human Femoral Cortical Bone as a Function of Strain Rate

Landing Pattern Modification to Improve Patellofemoral Pain in Runners: A Case Series

Compressive marks from gravel substrate on vertebrate remains: a preliminary experimental study

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