Effects of age and gender but not prenatal cocaine on random ratio and delayed spatial alternation responding in rats

Markowski, Vincent P.; Cox, Christopher; Preston, Raymond; Weiss, Bernard

doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00080-x

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…During the RR operant testing, a sex-specific difference that has previously been noted in rats, was replicated in mice where males responded at higher rates than females (Heinsbroek et al 1987a,b; Markowski et al 2000; Markowski et al 2002). Prenatal exposure to arsenic actually increased the RR response rate in the 8- and 80 ppm males during those sessions where the schedule transitioned to a higher response requirement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Effects of prenatal exposure to sodium arsenite on motor and food-motivated behaviors from birth to adulthood in C57BL6/J mice

Markowski

Reeve

Onos

et al. 2012

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Consumption of arsenic-contaminated drinking water is associated with numerous cancers and dermal and vascular diseases. Arsenic is also a potent nervous system toxicant and epidemiological studies indicate that intellectual functions in children are compromised following early developmental exposure. This study was designed to examine the effects of arsenic on a broad range of age-specific behaviors including basic sensory-motor responses in neonates, locomotor activity and grip strength in juveniles, and operant measures of learning and attention in adults. Pregnant C57BL6/J mice consumed drinking water containing 0, 8, 25, or 80 ppm sodium arsenite from the fourth day of gestation until birth. Arsenic produced a range of behavioral impairments in male and female offspring at each of the test ages. The most striking effects of arsenic were on the development of gait and other motor responses including acoustic startle, righting reflexes, and forelimb grip. These results suggest that developmental arsenic exposure can produce other behavioral impairments in children in addition to cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Effects of prenatal exposure to sodium arsenite on motor and food-motivated behaviors from birth to adulthood in C57BL6/J mice

Markowski

Reeve

Onos

et al. 2012

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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“…Such attentional deficits may contribute to deleterious cognitive effects following PCE. While some researchers have found little to no evidence of cognitive deficits (Morris et al, ; Paule et al, ; Galler and Tonkiss, ; Markowski et al, ), the majority of findings suggest the opposite. These deficits are apparent at a very early age, as prenatally cocaine‐exposed neonatal rats were significantly impaired in the acquisition and retention of milk‐odor associations relative to controls (Spear et al, ), and demonstrated an initial inability to develop associations in a test of Pavlovian conditioning (Kosofsky and Wilkins, ).…”

Section: Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine‐induced neurodevelopmental deficits and underlying mechanisms

Martin

Graham

McCarthy

et al. 2016

Birth Defects Research Pt C

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Exposure to drugs early in life has complex and long-lasting implications for brain structure and function. This review summarizes work to date on the immediate and long-term effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine. In utero cocaine exposure produces disruptions in brain monoamines, particularly dopamine, during sensitive periods of brain development, and leads to permanent changes in specific brain circuits, molecules, and behavior. Here, we integrate clinical studies and significance with mechanistic preclinical studies, to define our current knowledge base and identify gaps for future investigation.

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“…Thus, it appears that the duration of the PCOC treatment regimen significantly moderates the size of treatmentgroup differences observed in studies of the Morris water-maze suggesting that studies employing longer durations of PCOC exposure and exposures administered during later periods of fetal development yield larger effects. Although various studies of PCOC exposure have yielded interesting developmental effects in PCOC-exposed offspring [32,36,46,53,60,95], the moderator of "age" did not reveal a statistically significant effect on measures of the watermaze acquisition. This may reflect the existence of reports of significant effects of PCOC exposure at varying offspring ages at the time of testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The current metaanalysis was performed in order to examine the sequential responsiveness of animals exposed to PCOC in the Morris water-maze, a spatial navigation device [22,42,44,47,77,90,106]. Studies that have examined the effects of PCOC exposure on spatial navigation and memory performance in behavioral paradigms have yielded somewhat conflicting results and have used various non-uniform methodologies, making it difficult to discern the true effects of PCOC exposure [42,47,60,100]. Treatment differences have generally not been observed in the acquisition of water-maze performance in overall analyses across training days [6,22,42,44,63,77,90].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies emanating from this work have revealed PCOC-related abnormalities in motor behaviors including baseline differences in habituation and in response to acute drug administration in open-field testing [24,26,33,43,76,93]. Other work has examined the effects of PCOC exposure on spatial memory and spatial navigation types of cognitive performance that are commonly measured using a Morris water-maze, a radial arm maze, or spontaneous alternation tasks [22,42,47,54,60,77,90,96,100]. Water-maze experimentation has been employed most frequently, despite a modest total number of studies that contain limited sample sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A meta-analysis of animal studies on disruption of spatial navigation by prenatal cocaine exposure

Trksak

Glatt

Mortazavi

et al. 2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Water-maze testing has been used to assess prenatal cocaine (PCOC)-induced deficits in behavioral studies of spatial navigation and memory abilities. Effects of PCOC in acquisition or in probe trials over water-maze testing days were rarely detected. Despite an absence of effects of PCOC when data were collapsed over multiple days, there was a potential difference when examined during the first day of acquisition training, characterized by a PCOC-associated decrease in learning efficiency but not capacity. Here, we review studies of PCOC-related changes in day-1 water-maze acquisition training and examine the relationship between experimental methodologies and PCOC-treatment procedures and the variability in effect size estimates across studies. The results revealed a significant increase in latencies to goal platform on acquisition training day-1 in PCOC-exposed offspring vs. controls (effect size: r=0.44). Significant effects attributable to variations in the PCOC-treatment procedures across studies were also identified. The moderating variable of PCOC "dose" was significant as lower doses of PCOC exposure yielded larger treatment effects. "Duration" of PCOC exposure was not significant, although a trend for greater effects was observed in studies that employed longer daily treatment schedules or schedules administered in later gestational periods. This analysis identified a consistent difference in acquisition training day-1 of water-maze testing in PCOC-exposed offspring indicating a PCOC-induced deficiency in spatial learning. These findings of impaired spatial learning efficiency are of particular interest given clinical scenarios involving acutely impaired spatial memory and related learning in PCOC-exposed children that highlight the potential consequences in classroom learning.

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Effects of age and gender but not prenatal cocaine on random ratio and delayed spatial alternation responding in rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of prenatal exposure to sodium arsenite on motor and food-motivated behaviors from birth to adulthood in C57BL6/J mice

Effects of prenatal exposure to sodium arsenite on motor and food-motivated behaviors from birth to adulthood in C57BL6/J mice

Cocaine‐induced neurodevelopmental deficits and underlying mechanisms

A meta-analysis of animal studies on disruption of spatial navigation by prenatal cocaine exposure

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