Effects of Ag nanomaterials (NM300K) and Ag salt (AgNO3) can be discriminated in a full life cycle long term test with Enchytraeus crypticus

Hazard assessment of nickel nanoparticles in soil—The use of a full life cycle test with Enchytraeus crypticus

“…Similarly, they found a nonmonotonic dose response; that is, the lowest tested concentration of Ag NPs (20 mg Ag/kg soil) caused higher effects than those observed at higher concentrations. Embryo stage was also the most sensitive to Ag NP exposure , although there was no later recovery (i.e., in later life stages) as observed in the present study for Ni NPs. The opposite occurred, with Ag salt effects on hatching being a delay and for Ni salt effects continued along the life cycle.…”

“…Embryo stage was also the most sensitive to Ag NP exposure , although there was no later recovery (i.e., in later life stages) as observed in the present study for Ni NPs. The opposite occurred, with Ag salt effects on hatching being a delay and for Ni salt effects continued along the life cycle. This clearly shows the presence of different toxicity mechanisms for these 2 metallic NPs (and associated salts), although Ag was more toxic than Ni.…”

Nanomaterials in the Environment: Perspectives on in Vivo Terrestrial Toxicity Testing

“…For example, the full life cycle test (46 days), an extension of the standard reproduction test (21 days), where effects could be discriminated between nano and non-nano form materials such as silver. Bicho and co-workers observed that embryo development, hatching, and survival of juveniles were less affected by silver nitrate than AgNPs (Ag NM300K) (Bicho et al, 2016). In this case study, it was clear that the standard guideline was too limited compared to the full life cycle test.…”

“…It has been given considerable focus and has currently an extensive suite of tools available for hazard assessment, far beyond the standard ecotoxicity test battery of many other species. The tools cover bioaccumulation (Amorim et al, 2011), avoidance (Bicho et al, 2015a), full life cycle test (Bicho et al, 2015b(Bicho et al, , 2016(Bicho et al, , 2017aSantos et al, 2017), embryotoxicity (Gonçalves et al, 2015), full life span (Gonçalves et al, 2017), multigenerational (Bicho et al, 2017b), multispecies (mesocosm) system (SMS) (Menezes-Oliveira et al, 2013), full transcriptome and microarray tool (Castro-Ferreira et al, 2014;Gomes et al, 2017), oxidative stress biomarkers (Ribeiro et al, 2015), energy metabolism and cellular energy allocation , genotoxicity via the comet assay (Maria et al, 2017), and metabolomics and proteomics. This species has further potential as it can be exposed via water for a short period and hence allows the assessment of other routes of exposure (Gomes et al, 2015b).…”

Collembola Reproduction Decreases with Aging of Silver Nanoparticles in a Sewage Sludge-Treated Soil

“…The focus in ecotoxicological testing of AgNP in soil has, thus far, been more on microorganisms (Schlich et al, 2013b;Engelke et al, 2014;McKee and Filser, 2016), earthworms (Heckmann et al, 2011;Shoults-Wilson et al, 2011a;Schlich et al, 2013a;van der Ploeg et al, 2014;Novo et al, 2015), enchytraeids (Gomes et al, 2013(Gomes et al, , 2015Ribeiro et al, 2015;Bicho et al, 2016) and nematodes (Roh et al, 2009;Meyer et al, 2010). Collembola have received less attention.…”