Effects of aflatoxin B1 combined with ochratoxin A and/or zearalenone on metabolism, immune function, and antioxidant status in lactating dairy goats

Huang, Shuai; Zheng, Nan; Fan, Caiyun; Cheng, Ming; Shang, Wang; Jabar, Adil; Wang, Jiaqi; Cheng, Jianbo

doi:10.5713/ajas.17.0279

Cited by 29 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…SOD and MDA are used as indices of the degree of lipid peroxidation, and the SOD/MDA ratio can reflect free radical-induced lipid peroxidation and the scavenging rate (Surai, 2002;Xiong et al, 2015). For example, mycotoxins increase the MDA concentration, but decrease the SOD concentration in dairy goats (Huang et al, 2018). In the present study, we found that the 100% replacement group had a lower concentration of serum T-AOC compared with the other two groups.…”

Section: Biochemical Parameters In Bloodsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…Data has shown that the group fed a meal without mycotoxins, the group fed AFB1, and the group fed AFB1 mixed with ZEA had similar serum AST levels, but the group fed AFB1 mixed with OTA showed significantly higher levels than that of the three groups. Moreover, the group fed AFB1 mixed with OTA and ZEA had significantly higher levels than that of the abovementioned four groups (Huang et al, 2018). These results may hint that mycotoxin type and amount are key factors that can affect animal health performances.…”

Section: Biochemical Parameters In Bloodmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Nevertheless, it is possible that dairy ruminants are more vulnerable to mycotoxins under high pressure of milk production (Jouany et al, 2005;Santos & Fink-Gremmels, 2014). Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to AFB1 or mixed mycotoxins can change the antioxidant states of dairy cows and goats (Huang et al, 2018;Xiong et al, 2015), and it is possible that these changes may be reflected at minor physical levels. Thus, the effects of mycotoxins on animal performance still require further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manuscript to be reviewed Gremmels, 2008;Huang et al, 2018). Despite several related studies, little research has been conducted on the potential metabolic signatures of dairy cows when exposed to mycotoxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peer Review #1 of "The biochemical and metabolic profiles of dairy cows with mycotoxins-contaminated diets (v0.2)"

2020

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Background: Previous studies on the effects of mycotoxins have solely focused on their biochemical profiles or products in dairy ruminants. Changes in metabolism that occur after exposure to mycotoxins, as well as biochemical changes, have not been explored. Methods: We measured the biochemical and metabolic changes in dairy cows after exposure to mycotoxins using biochemical analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance. Twenty-four dairy cows were randomly assigned to three different treatment groups. Control cows received diets with 2 kg uncontaminated cottonseed. Cows in the 50% replacement group received the same diet as the control group, but with 1 kg of uncontaminated cottonseed and 1 kg of cottonseed contaminated with mycotoxins. Cows in the 100% replacement group received the same diet as the control, but with 2 kg contaminated cottonseed. Results: The results showed that serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and total antioxidant capacities were significantly affected by cottonseed contaminated with mycotoxins. There were also significant differences in isovalerate and NH 3-N levels, and significant differences in the eight plasma metabolites among the three groups. These metabolites are mainly involved in amino acid metabolism pathways. Therefore, the results suggest that amino acid metabolism pathways may be affected by mycotoxins exposure. .

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Section: Biochemical Parameters In Bloodsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Biochemical Parameters In Bloodmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peer Review #1 of "The biochemical and metabolic profiles of dairy cows with mycotoxins-contaminated diets (v0.2)"

2020

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“…For example, soybeans are generally considered resistant to Aspergilli colonization and a atoxins contamination (Njobeh et al, 2009;Gupta & Venkitasubramanian, 1975) whereas zearalenone is commonly detected in corn, wheat and corn-based feeds (Driehuis et al, 1992;Schmidts et al, 2014;Lee and Ryu, 2017). Nevertheless, considering that a atoxins and zearalenone exert synergistic effects on livestock including cattle (Jovaišienė et al, 2016;Huang et al, 2018), the high incidences of these mycotoxins in major concentrate feedstuffs for dairy animals like CB is cause for concern among small scale dairy farmers in Malawi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Total Aflatoxin and Zearalenone in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds in Malawi

Ca¹,

Jc²,

M³

2020

Preprint

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Background The study was conducted to determine occurrence and levels of total aflatoxin and zearalenone in concentrate feedstuffs for dairy animals from selected farms in Malawi. Methods A total of 130 concentrate feedstuff samples were collected in paper bags from 113 randomly selected farms in the three agroecological zones (representing high, mid and low (lakeshore) altitudes) from October and December 2019. Each feed sample was ground and analyzed for total aflatoxin and zearalenone using VICAM Fluorometer Method procedures. Results About 85% of samples comprised of corn (maize) bran (CB), 8% for pigeon pea (PP), 2% for dairy mash, 1% for soybean and <1% for sunflower, rice bran (RB) and rice bran mixed with maize bran respectively. 75% of corn bran and 100% of dairy mash and rice bran samples were positive for zearalenone (i.e. above 100 μg/kg) while other concentrates tested negative. Incidences of total aflatoxin were 32%, 67% and 9% in CB, DM and PP bran samples respectively and negligible in other concentrates. Overall, 32% and 23% of feedstuffs had total aflatoxin concentrations above regulatory limits set by Malawi’s neighboring countries (Tanzania and Mozambique) and US respectively whereas only 6% of all the concentrate feedstuffs had zearalenone concentrations above the regulatory limit enforced by EU. Levels of total aflatoxin and zearalenone in CB were not affected by agroecological zones (P=0.17 and P=0.87) respectively. Mean total aflatoxin concentration was 35.4, 28.1 and 38.2 μg/kg in High, Lakeshore and Mid agroecologies respectively whereas zearalenone concentration was 249.7, 226.8 and 243.9 μg/kg respectively. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report prevalence of various mycotoxins in dairy concentrate feedstuffs in Malawi. Aflatoxin and zearalenone contamination in dairy concentrates exist but mostly in levels within tolerable limits at least from the limited timeframe of this study. However, presence of total aflatoxin above regulatory limits in 26 - 34% of corn bran, a major concentrate feedstuff, points to the need for deliberate efforts to ensure levels are kept low in dairy animal feeds for both safety of dairy animals and consumers in Malawi.

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Toxicogenicity and mechanistic pathways of aflatoxinB1induced renal injury

Dlamini

Somboro

Amoako

et al. 2021

Environmental Toxicology

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The study investigated the toxicogenic effects, molecular mechanisms and proteomic assessment of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on human renal cells. Hek293 cells were exposed to AFB1 (0–100 μM) for 24 h. The effect on cell viability was assessed using the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, which also produced the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) used in subsequent assays. Free radical production was evaluated by quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrate concentration, while DNA fragmentation was determined using the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay and DNA gel electrophoresis. Damage to cell membranes was ascertained using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The concentration of ATP, reduced glutathione (GSH), necrosis, annexin V and caspase activity was measured by luminometry. Western blotting and quantitative PCR was used to assess the expression of proteins and genes associated with apoptosis and oxidative stress. The MTT assay revealed a reduction in cell viability of Hek293 cells as the AFB1 concentration was increased, with a half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 32.60 μM. The decreased viability corresponded to decreased ATP concentration. The upregulation of Hsp70 indicated that oxidative stress was induced in the AFB1‐treated cells. While this implies an increased production of free radicals, the accompanying upregulation of the antioxidant system indicates the activation of defense mechanisms to prevent cellular damage. Thus, membrane damage associated with increased radical formation was prevented as indicated by the reduced LDH release and necrosis. In addition, cytotoxic effects were evident as AFB1 activated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis with corresponding increased DNA fragmentation, p53 and Bax upregulation and increased caspase activity, but externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), a major hallmark of apoptosis, did not occur in AFB1 treated renal cells. The results suggest that AFB1 induced oxidative stress leading to cell death by the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in renal cells.

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Effects of aflatoxin B1 combined with ochratoxin A and/or zearalenone on metabolism, immune function, and antioxidant status in lactating dairy goats

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

Peer Review #1 of "The biochemical and metabolic profiles of dairy cows with mycotoxins-contaminated diets (v0.2)"

Peer Review #1 of "The biochemical and metabolic profiles of dairy cows with mycotoxins-contaminated diets (v0.2)"

Occurrence of Total Aflatoxin and Zearalenone in Dairy Cattle Concentrate Feeds in Malawi

Toxicogenicity and mechanistic pathways of aflatoxinB1induced renal injury

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