Effects of Aestivation and Starvation on the Neutral Lipid and Phospholipid Content of Biomphalaria Glabrata Infected With Schistosoma Mansoni

White, Meredith M.; Fried, Bernard; Sherma, Joseph

doi:10.1645/ge-945r.1

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with fecundity compensation because the prolonged fitness and persistence of this parasite relies on the survival of its host, and aestivation presents high mortality risk for both the host and the parasite (White et al. ; Studer et al. ; Rubaba et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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One stimulus-Two responses: Host and parasite life-history variation in response to environmental stress

2016

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Climate change stressors will place different selective pressures on both parasites and their hosts, forcing individuals to modify their life-history strategies and altering the distribution and prevalence of disease. Few studies have investigated whether parasites are able to respond to host stress and respond by varying their reproductive schedules. Additionally, multiple environmental stressors can limit the ability of a host to respond adaptively to parasite infection. This study compared both host and parasite life-history parameters in unstressed and drought-stressed environments using the human parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, in its freshwater snail intermediate host. Snail hosts infected with the parasite demonstrated a significant reproductive burst during the prepatent period (fecundity compensation), but that response was absent in a drought-stressed environment. This is the first report of the elimination of host fecundity compensation to parasitism when exposed to additional environmental stress. More surprisingly, we found that infections in drought-stressed snails had significantly higher parasite reproductive outputs than infections in unstressed snails. The finding suggests that climate change may alter the infection dynamics of this human parasite.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Although some infected snails are able to survive this process, aestivation combined with infection does greatly increase mortality in snail populations and the likelihood of death for individual snails (White et al. ; Rubaba et al. ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

One stimulus-Two responses: Host and parasite life-history variation in response to environmental stress

2016

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“…It is well established that several schistosome intermediate host species (including B. truncatus ) have the ability to aestivate [46]. It has been demonstrated that aestivation negatively affects the survival of infected snails [47, 48]. In our experiments cold temperatures did not affect B. truncatus snails, regardless of their infection status.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Persistent establishment of a tropical disease in Europe: the preadaptation of schistosomes to overwinter

et al. 2019

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Background Global changes promote the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. In this context, tropical urogenital schistosomiasis is now permanently established in Corsica since its first emergence in 2013. The local persistence of the tropical pathogens (schistosomes) responsible for urogenital schistosomiasis at such latitudes might be explained by (i) the presence of its intermediate host, the snail Bulinus truncatus , (ii) the recurrent local reseeding of schistosomes by their vertebrate hosts (either human or animal) every summer, and/or (iii) the maintenance and survival of schistosomes within their snail hosts over winter. Methods In this study we conducted an ecological experiment to assess the ability of temperate and tropical schistosome strains to survive in classical winter temperatures in Corsican rivers when infecting temperate (local) snail strains. We also quantified the ability of the schistosomes to complete their life-cycle post-overwintering when returned to classical summer water temperatures. Results Our results show that Mediterranean molluscs are locally adapted to winter conditions compared to tropical molluscs. Moreover, temperate and tropical schistosome strains equally survived the cold and produced viable offspring when returned to optimal temperatures. These results indicate that schistosomes can overwinter under temperate climates when infecting locally adapted snails and might partly explain the establishment and maintenance of schistosomes in Corsica from year to year. Conclusions The observed broader thermal range of schistosomes compared to that of their snail hosts was unexpected and clearly indicates that the spread and establishment of schistosomiasis in temperate countries relies primarily on the presence of the locally adapted snail host lineages, currently known to be present in France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Greece.

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“…Metabolomic analysis of snails following miracidial infection has shown that malic acid and other carboxylic acids are important biomarkers for detecting S. mansoni at different stages of infection in the hemolymph and digestive glands of Biomphalaria alexandrina (330). Changes in lipid levels and concentrations of metabolic by-products, such as pyruvic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid, in the digestive gland gonad complex of B. glabrata snails infected with S. mansoni have also been identified (331,332). Although the latter approaches are important for understanding the biology of intermediate hosts infected with schistosomes, their application in detecting infection would be limited due to their nonspecificity and the extensive technology required to undertake the analysis.…”

Section: Detection Of Infected Intermediate Snail Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease that afflicts more than 240 million people, including many children and young adults, in the tropics and subtropics. The disease is characterized by chronic infections with significant residual morbidity and is of considerable public health importance, with substantial socioeconomic impacts on impoverished communities. Morbidity reduction and eventual elimination through integrated intervention measures are the focuses of current schistosomiasis control programs. Precise diagnosis of schistosome infections, in both mammalian and snail intermediate hosts, will play a pivotal role in achieving these goals. Nevertheless, despite extensive efforts over several decades, the search for sensitive and specific diagnostics for schistosomiasis is ongoing. Here we review the area, paying attention to earlier approaches but emphasizing recent developments in the search for new diagnostics for schistosomiasis with practical applications in the research laboratory, the clinic, and the field. Careful and rigorous validation of these assays and their cost-effectiveness will be needed, however, prior to their adoption in support of policy decisions for national public health programs aimed at the control and elimination of schistosomiasis.

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Effects of Aestivation and Starvation on the Neutral Lipid and Phospholipid Content of Biomphalaria Glabrata Infected With Schistosoma Mansoni

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

One stimulus-Two responses: Host and parasite life-history variation in response to environmental stress

One stimulus-Two responses: Host and parasite life-history variation in response to environmental stress

Persistent establishment of a tropical disease in Europe: the preadaptation of schistosomes to overwinter

Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis

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