Effects of Aerobic Interval Training on Cancer Patients?? Functional Capacity

MacVicar, Mary G.; Winningham, Maryl L.; Nickel, Jennie L.

doi:10.1097/00006199-198911000-00007

Cited by 298 publications

(213 citation statements)

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“…Ignoring such variables relies on lady luck and/or a large sample to reduce the likelihood of inequality and confounding. Few investigators have used this procedure, though there are exceptions: MacVicar et al (1989) used functional capacity strata and age for an exercise intervention, and A. J. Cunningham et al (1998) used presence of visceral metastases strata to test for survival.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobehavioral outcomes following psychological interventions for cancer patients.

Andersen¹

2002

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

188

132

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Psychological interventions for adult cancer patients have primarily focused on reducing stress and enhancing quality of life. However, there has been expanded focus on biobehavioral outcomeshealth behaviors, compliance, biologic responses, and disease outcomes-consistent with the Biobehavioral Model of cancer stress and disease course. The author reviewed this expanded focus in quasi-experimental and experimental studies of psychological interventions, provided methodologic detail, summarized findings, and highlighted novel contributions. A final section discussed methodologic issues, research directions, and challenges for the coming decade.Cancer remains a significant national problem, with over 1 million Americans diagnosed each year. The adjustment process for cancer survivors may be burdensome and lengthy, and deteriorations in quality of life are underscored if they also have adverse health effects. A previous review noted the significant quality-of-life gains that can be achieved with psychological interventions (Andersen, 1992), a conclusion echoed here. In this review, I look more broadly and include biobehavioral responses and disease outcomes as areas important for intervention efforts. Although there are proportionately fewer studies that have included the latter, multimodal interventions and assessment of psychological, behavioral, and biologic mechanisms are the pathways for future research.The Biobehavioral Model of cancer stress and disease course (Andersen, Kiecolt-Glaser, & Glaser, 1994) provides the organizational framework for the discussion. Represented in Figure 1, the model includes psychological (e.g., stress and quality of life), behavioral (e.g., health behaviors and compliance), and biologic (e.g., neuroendocrine and immune) components and specifies the pathways by which health outcomes (e.g., disease endpoints-recurrence, disease free interval) might be affected. A complete discussion of the model is available elsewhere , as only brief summaries are provided prior to each section.Studies conducted since 1992 with adult cancer patients are reviewed; selected investigations prior to that period are included because of their importance, novelty, or absence from the earlier article focusing on quality of life (Andersen, 1992). Each component of the model is considered as an outcome following psychological interventions. Prior to each, I review descriptive findings and highlight prominent correlational investigations. For all experimental studies, accrual and retention rates and patient characteristics are provided, as these areas are in need of methodologic attention, as discussed later in the article. Although tedious at times, specific techniques of interventions are provided to enable the reader to distinguish among those with similar labels. Quasi-experimental designs are included for emerging areas. With few exceptions, all studies included psychological outcomes, but in the first section, I focus on studies with only these endpoints. Figure 1). Cancer survivors report con...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobehavioral outcomes following psychological interventions for cancer patients.

Andersen¹

2002

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

188

132

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“…For illustration, Table 1 provides survival rates for common tumors. (MacVicar, Winningham, & Nickel, 1989). Even so, exercise initiation and maintenance is difficult to achieve, even among young and healthy persons (Sallis et al, 1986), and so it may be more difficult for cancer patients, who as a group are older, symptomatic from the disease or treatments, and distressed.…”

Section: Behavioral Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common type of survival estimates are those for five years from diagnosis-that is, the percentage of individuals diagnosed with the specific site or stage of disease who will be alive five years following diagnosis and treatment. For illustration, Table 1 provides survival rates for common tumors. breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and participating in a program of aerobic interval training (MacVicar, Winningham, & Nickel, 1989). Even so, exercise initiation and maintenance is difficult to achieve, even among young and healthy persons (Sallis et al, 1986), and so it may be more difficult for cancer patients, who as a group are older, symptomatic from the disease or treatments, and distressed.…”

Section: Behavioral Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biobehavioral model of cancer stress and disease course.

Andersen¹,

Kiecolt‐Glaser²,

Glaser³

1994

American Psychologist

388

246

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Approximately 1 million Americans are diagnosed with cancer each year and must cope with the disease and treatments. Many studies have documented the deteriorations in quality of life that occur. These data suggest that the adjustment process is burdensome and lengthy. There is ample evidence showing that adults experiencing other long-term stressors experience not only high rates of adjustment difficulties (e.g., syndromal depression) but important biologic effects, such as persistent downregulation of elements of the immune system, and adverse health outcomes, such as higher rates of respiratory tract infections. Thus, deteriorations in quality of life with cancer are underscored if they have implications for biological processes, such as the immune system, relating to disease progression and spread. Considering these and other data, a biobehavioral model of adjustment to the stresses of cancer is offered, and mechanisms by which psychological and behavioral responses may influence biological processes and, perhaps, health outcomes are proposed. Finally, strategies for testing the model via experiments testing psychological interventions are offered.Cancer is a major health problem, accounting for 23% of all deaths in the United States. Although death rates from heart diseases, stroke, and other conditions have been decreasing, deaths due to cancer have risen 20% in the past 30 years (American Cancer Society [ACS], 1993). This "big picture" holds for the major sites of disease, including lung, breast, and prostate cancer, for which death rates have shown large increases. The number-one killer, lung cancer, has shown huge increases in age-adjusted death rates in the past 30 years-an increase of 121% for men and 415% for women. The second most common site of cancer for men, prostate, has shown a 12% increase in the death rate. For women, breast cancer accounts for 32% of all new cases. During this decade alone, more than 1.5 million women (1 in 9) will be diagnosed and 30% of these women will die from the disease. Other sobering statistics indicate that since 1980 there has been a 24% increase in breast cancer incidence; despite major clinical studies (including trials of dramatic treatments, e.g., bone marrow transplantation), breast cancer mortality rates have been stable for the past 20 years. In sum, increasing numbers of individuals are being diagnosed, undergo difficult therapies, and somehow cope with 5-year relative survival rates of 53% for White Americans and 38% for Black Americans (ACS, 1993).Although there are notable exceptions (e.g., Bard & Sutherland, 1952;Fox, 1976), research programs conducted by psychologists on the behavioral and psychological aspects of cancer did not begin in earnest until the late 1970s. Yet considerable advances have been made in describing the difficulties cancer patients face and examining the processes of adjustment (see discussions in Andersen, 1989; Cancer, 1991, Vol. 67, No. 3 Supplement) NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manus...

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“…Exercise, defined as planned, structured and repetitive body movement, has been found to effectively decrease fatigue levels and improve functional capacity in patients with breast and prostate cancer (19,20). Exercise increases muscle mass, promotes flexibility and elevates mood, all of which improve one's ability to cope following cancer surgery and during adjuvant therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Progressive Postresection Walking Program Significantly Improves Fatigue and Health-Related Quality of Life in Pancreas and Periampullary Cancer Patients

Yeo

Burrell

Sauter

et al. 2012

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

109

148

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A progressive postresection walking program significantly improves fatigue and health-related quality of life in pancreas and periampullary cancer patients. Recommended Citation Yeo, Theresa; Burrell, Sherry A; Sauter, Patricia K; Kennedy, Eugene P; Lavu, Harish; Leiby, Benjamin E; and Yeo, Charles, "A progressive postresection walking program significantly improves fatigue and health-related quality of life in pancreas and periampullary cancer patients." (2012 Methods:One hundred and two patients with resected PPC consented to participate in this study and were randomized to either an Intervention Group (IG) or a Usual Care Group (UCG).Subjects completed visual analog scales, the FACIT-Fatigue Scale (FFS) and the Short Form36v2® after surgery and again 3 to 6 months after hospital discharge. Results:Patients in the IG and UCG were comparable with regard to demographics, comorbidities, cancer type and staging, type of resection, pre-op fatigue and pain levels, adjuvant therapy and baseline walking distance. Patients in the IG had significantly improved scores on the FFS at study completion, improved fatigue and pain scores, as well as overall physical functioning and mental health composite scores. At study completion, participants in the IG were walking twice as far and were significantly more likely to have continued walking or another form of exercise as compared to the UCG. Using hierarchical cluster analysis three mutually exclusive symptom groupings were identified in the cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis did not indicate an overall survival benefit for the IG. Conclusion:This is the first prospective, randomized and controlled trial to report that participation in a home walking program confers a significant benefit in resected PPC patients

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Effects of Aerobic Interval Training on Cancer Patients?? Functional Capacity

Cited by 298 publications

References 0 publications

Biobehavioral outcomes following psychological interventions for cancer patients.

Biobehavioral outcomes following psychological interventions for cancer patients.

A biobehavioral model of cancer stress and disease course.

A Progressive Postresection Walking Program Significantly Improves Fatigue and Health-Related Quality of Life in Pancreas and Periampullary Cancer Patients

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