Effects of advanced age and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction on components of the acute phase reaction in horses

Żak, Agnieszka; Siwińska, Natalia; Elzinga, Sarah; Barker, Virginia D.; Stefaniak, Tadeusz; Schanbacher, B.J.; Place, Ned J.; Niedźwiedź, Artur; Adams, Amanda A.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106476

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…All materials and methods were approved by the Institutional Care and Usage Committee of the University of Kentucky (ethical protocol code: nr 2014-1224). The data from some horses were included in another research article about acute phase proteins in horses with PPID; therefore, the clinical assessment and hormone (insulin, ACTH) measurements, are duplicated [14].…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Advanced Age, Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction and Insulin Dysregulation on Serum Antioxidant Markers in Horses

et al. 2020

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The study aims to assess the impact of age, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and insulin dysregulation (ID) in horses on selected oxidative stress markers. The study includes 32 horses, divided into three groups: “young” adult group (aged 8–16 years old) “geriatric” group (aged 18–24 years old) and the “PPID” group (aged 15–31 years old). The PPID group was further divided into two subgroups: PPID ID+ and PPID ID− based on presence or absence of ID. We measured serum antioxidant stress markers in all horses: total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ceruloplasmin (CER), lipofuscin (LPS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiols concentrations (containing sulfhydryl group -SH) as well as enzymatic systems: total superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytoplasmic SOD (CuZnSOD), mitochondrial SOD activity (MnSOD). Total serum thiols were significantly lower in the geriatric group and in the PPID group compared to the young group. The MnSOD concentration was higher in the PPID ID+ group compared to the PPID ID−. LPS and MDA concentrations were lower in the PPID ID+ group compared to the PPID ID− group. In the selected study groups of horses, older age, the presence of PPID and ID in the case of PPID had no effect on the studied oxidative stress markers.

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Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Advanced Age, Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction and Insulin Dysregulation on Serum Antioxidant Markers in Horses

et al. 2020

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“…Incubating alveolar macrophages with LPS simulates the effect of bacterial infection on the innate immune system and mimics SEA, which is exacerbated by inhalation of LPS combined with fungal spores and particulate [ 17 ]. The multiplex equine assay employed here was useful because it allowed concurrent and sensitive quantification of multiple cytokines in a small volume [ 23 – 25 ]. LPS is recognized by TLR4 on macrophages, which initiates the recruitment of adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TRIF, and drives distinct signaling pathways that each lead to independent but complementary activation of NF-κB, resulting in induction of multiple cytokines [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of equine SALSA on neutrophil phagocytosis and macrophage cytokine production

et al. 2022

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Salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA) is a secreted protein with various immunomodulatory roles. In humans, the protein agglutinates and inactivates microorganisms, and inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Saliva, which is rich in SALSA, accelerates bacterial phagocytosis, but SALSA’s contribution is unclear. In horses, the functions of SALSA in inflammation remain undetermined, so they were investigated through phagocytosis and cytokine assays. Equine SALSA was purified from duodenal tissue, which contains abundant SALSA. To assess phagocytosis, fluorescently-labelled bacteria were incubated with 20, 10, 5, or 2.5 μg/mL of SALSA or phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and then incubated at 37°C or on ice with whole blood from seven healthy horses. Fluorescence was measured by gating on neutrophils using a flow cytometer, and compared between groups. To assess effects on cytokine production, alveolar macrophages were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of five healthy horses and cultured in serum-free media for 24 hours with different concentrations of SALSA plus 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), only LPS, or only media. Cytokines were measured in supernatant using an equine-specific multiplex bead immunoassay. There was significantly greater phagocytosis in samples incubated at 37°C compared to incubation on ice. Samples incubated with 20 μg/mL of SALSA at 37°C had less phagocytosis compared to samples with 10 or 2.5 μg/mL SALSA, or PBS. Alveolar macrophages incubated with SALSA plus LPS released significantly less CXC motif chemokine ligand 1, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor α, and more granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), compared to macrophages incubated with LPS alone. These findings indicate anti-inflammatory effects, which may be due to interference with toll-like receptor 4 recognition of LPS or downstream signaling. Increase in G-CSF following incubation with SALSA suggests a novel mechanism for immunoregulation of alveolar macrophages by SALSA, addressing a knowledge gap regarding its functions in horses.

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“…Samples were analyzed using the following commercially tests: Serum amyloid A Tridelta Phase (Tridelta Development Ltd, Kildare, Ireland), Horse Haptoglobin ELISA, K‐Assay (Kamiya Biomedical Company, Washington), Horse CRP ELISA, K‐Assay (Kamiya Biomedical Company, Washington), Horse Ceruloplasmin ELISA Kit (http://mybiosource.com, California), Horse A1‐Acid Glycoprotein ELISA Kit (http://mybiosource.com), and Horse Procalcitonin ELISA Kit (http://mybiosource.com). These kits previously have been validated in horses 6,9,12,21,22 . Optical densities were read on an automatic plate reader (Multiskan FC Microplate ELISA reader, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24][25][26] Specific aliquots from the tested donkeys were used for these validations. Precision was evaluated by calculating the intra-assay (same day) and interassay ( Reported concentrations in horses (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37) .08…”

Section: Test Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference intervals of acute phase proteins in healthy Andalusian donkeys and response to experimentally induced endotoxemia

Pérez-Écija

Buzon‐Cuevas

Aguilera-Aguilera³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Assessment of acute phase proteins (APPs) may allow prompt detection of diseases in donkeys, that otherwise may be missed because of the stoic behavior of donkeys. Reference intervals (RIs) of APPs measured using immunoassays and a comparison of the response of these biomarkers to a controlled inflammatory insult are lacking in donkeys. Objectives: (a) To describe the RIs for APPs in healthy Andalusian donkeys, (b) to study the effects of sex and age on APPs, and (c) to assess the early response of APPs to experimentally induced endotoxemia. Animals: Seventy-three healthy Andalusian donkeys (67 for RIs and 6 for endotoxemia). Methods: Serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (Cp), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), procalcitonin (PCT), ferritin (Ft), and fibrinogen (Fb) RIs were determined. Endotoxemia was induced and samples for APP determination were obtained at regular intervals for 4 hours.

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Effects of advanced age and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction on components of the acute phase reaction in horses

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of Advanced Age, Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction and Insulin Dysregulation on Serum Antioxidant Markers in Horses

Effects of Advanced Age, Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction and Insulin Dysregulation on Serum Antioxidant Markers in Horses

Effects of equine SALSA on neutrophil phagocytosis and macrophage cytokine production

Reference intervals of acute phase proteins in healthy Andalusian donkeys and response to experimentally induced endotoxemia

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