Effects of Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors on the Skeletal Muscles

Bowman, W. C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67584-3_2

Cited by 82 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 348 publications

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“…The exact responses of vertebrate skeletal muscle, however, vary with the proportion of fast and slow muscle fibres in the muscle (see Bowman & Zaimis, 1958;Bowman & Nott, 1969;Bowman, 1982). Furthermore, the actual mechanisms linking the increased levels of cyclic AMP to the observed physiological responses are still largely a matter of speculation (see Janis & Diamond, 1979;Schultz et al 1979;Bowman, 1982).…”

Section: Time Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

A modulatory octopaminergic neurone increases cyclic nucleotide levels in locust skeletal muscle.

Evans¹

1984

The Journal of Physiology

100

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SUMMARY 1. Octopamine increases the level of cyclic AMP in a dose-dependent way in the locust extensor tibiae neuromuscular preparation. The response peaks after a 10 min exposure and then declines to a plateau. The effect of octopamine is potentiated in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). The levels of cyclic GMP in the muscle were not affected by octopamine.2. The response is stereospecific for the naturally occurring D(-) isomer of octopamine and is also specific for monophenolic biogenic amines. Studies with a range of synthetic agonists and antagonists reveal that the receptors mediating the response are of the OCTOPAMINE2 class.3. Forskolin, a diterpene activator of adenylate cyclase activity, increases cyclic AMP but not cyclic GMP levels in the extensor muscle. The response has a prolonged time course and is again potentiated by IBMX.4. Stimulation of the octopaminergic neurone to the extensor muscle increases the levels of cyclic AMP but not those of cyclic GMP. The response is blocked by phentolamine, an a-adrenergic blocking agent that also blocks the effects ofoctopamine in this preparation.5. The results are discussed in terms of the parallels between the biochemical and physiological effects of octopamine on this muscle and in terms of the mode of action of the octopamine receptors present.

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Section: Time Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

A modulatory octopaminergic neurone increases cyclic nucleotide levels in locust skeletal muscle.

Evans¹

1984

The Journal of Physiology

100

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“…It has been proposed (Kuba & Tomita, 1972;Bowman, 1976) (Starke, Montel, Gayk & Merker, 1974) would be exerted. These results suggest that the adrenoceptors in somatic nerve terminals are more axl-than a2-in character.…”

Section: Dicusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microelectrode recording of the effects of agonists and antagonists on α‐adrenoceptors on rat somatic nerve terminals

Lim

Muir

1983

British J Pharmacology

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The effects of apomorphine, catechol, clonidine, isoprenaline, (‐)‐and (±)‐noradrenaline, phenylephrine, pyrogallol and xylazine were investigated on the frequency and amplitude of miniature endplate potentials (m.e.p.ps) and, with the exception of apomorphine, catechol and pyrogallol, on the amplitude of endplate potentials (e.p.ps) in the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. Clonidine, (‐)‐noradrenaline, phenylephrine and xylazine (each at 1.5 × 10−5M) increased m.e.p.p. frequency but not amplitude. The other drugs were ineffective, except isoprenaline (1.5 × 10−5 M) which enhanced m.e.p.p. amplitude but not frequency. The increase in m.e.p.p. frequency was inhibited by phentolamine, prazosin and yohimbine (each 1.5 × 10−9M). Prazosin and yohimbine alone each reduced m.e.p.p. frequency but failed to abolish m.e.p.ps even at high concentrations (10−3M). Clonidine, (‐)‐noradrenaline, phenylephrine and xylazine (each 3 × 10−6M) enhanced e.p.p. amplitude; this enhancement was blocked by prazosin and by yohimbine (each 3 × 10−6M). In preparations fatigued by prolonged continuous nerve stimulation (5 Hz, 0.05 ms for 30 min), (‐)‐noradrenaline (3.3 × 10−4M) restored m.e.p.p. frequency. The results indicate that adrenoceptors on somatic nerve terminals interact with both α1‐ and α2‐agonists and antagonists and show different characteristics from those at autonomic neuroeffector junctions. The α‐adrenoceptors on somatic nerve terminals may have an ancilliary physiological role in influencing but not controlling transmitter release.

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“…The slow-contracting soleus muscle of the guinea-pig responds with a reduced degree of fusion and tension of subtetanic contractions upon stimulation with Padrenoceptor agonists (for review, see Bowman, 1980). This effect is largely attenuated following five days of treatment with terbutaline, a P2-selective adrenoceptor agonist (Holmberg, Jeppsson & Waldeck, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed in vitro studies on the soleus muscle from guinea-pig and rat, respectively, show that the effects on the contractions (Waldeck, 1977;AlJeboory & Marshall, 1978) and on the active Na-Ktransport (Clausen & Flatman, 1977;1980) are both mediated by P2-adrenoceptors, presumably via stimulation of adenylate cyclase (Clausen & Flatman, 1977;Al-Jeboory & Marshall, 1978;Fellenius, Hedberg, Holmberg & Waldeck, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desensitization by Terbutaline of Β‐adrenoceptors in the Guinea‐pig Soleus Muscle: Biochemical Alterations Associated With Functional Changes

Buur¹,

Clausen²,

Holmberg

et al. 1982

British J Pharmacology

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The effects of adrenaline and terbutaline on cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cyclic AMP) content, 22Na‐efflux, 42K‐influx and subtetanic contractions have been assessed in soleus muscles isolated from guinea‐pigs which had been maintained on food with or without terbutaline for 5 days. Terbutaline and adrenaline increased cyclic AMP content and suppressed subtetanic contractions, and regression analysis indicates a statistically significant correlation between these two effects (P<0.01). In muscles obtained from terbutaline‐treated animals, the effects of terbutaline and adrenaline on cyclic AMP content, active Na‐K‐transport and subtetanic contractions were all considerably suppressed, but insulin stimulated 22Na‐efflux and affected subtetanic contractions to the same extent as in the muscles obtained from the control group. The results suggest that terbutaline treatment leads to a reduction in the number of β2‐adrenoceptors in skeletal muscle or an impairment of their function. The results provide further support for the idea that the effect of adrenaline or insulin on skeletal muscle contractions is the outcome of stimulation of active Na‐K‐transport.

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Effects of Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors on the Skeletal Muscles

Cited by 82 publications

References 348 publications

A modulatory octopaminergic neurone increases cyclic nucleotide levels in locust skeletal muscle.

A modulatory octopaminergic neurone increases cyclic nucleotide levels in locust skeletal muscle.

Microelectrode recording of the effects of agonists and antagonists on α‐adrenoceptors on rat somatic nerve terminals

Desensitization by Terbutaline of Β‐adrenoceptors in the Guinea‐pig Soleus Muscle: Biochemical Alterations Associated With Functional Changes

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