Effects of adhesion promoter on orthodontic bonding in fluorosed teeth: A scanning electron microscopy study

Abstract

Introduction:The objectives of the present study were to elucidate the effects of fluorosis in orthodontic bonding and to evaluate the efficiency of an adhesion promoter (Assure Universal Bonding Resin) in bonding to fluorosed teeth.Materials and Methods:Extracted premolars were divided into two groups on the basis of Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index. Ten samples from each group were etched and evaluated for etching patterns using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining samples were subdivided into four groups of 20 each on the basis of adhesives used: IA, IIA - Transbond XT and IB, IIB - Transbond XT plus Assure Universal Bonding Resin. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after 24 h using the universal testing machine. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were recorded using SEM. Statistical analysis was conducted using a two-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test was performed on SBS and ARI scores.Results:Similar etching patterns were observed in both fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth. No significant differences were found in the SBS values observed in both groups (8.66 ± 3.19 vs. 8.53 ± 3.44, P = 1.000). Increase in SBS was observed when Assure Universal Bonding Resin was used. Higher ARI scores were observed when adhesion promoter was used for bonding.Conclusions:Mild-moderately fluorosed teeth etch in a manner similar to the nonfluorosed teeth. Similar bond strengths were achieved in fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth when conventional composite was used. Use of adhesion promoter increases the bond strengths in both groups of teeth.

Bracket bonding to polymethylmethacrylate-based materials for computer-aided design/manufacture of temporary restorations: Influence of mechanical treatment and chemical treatment with universal adhesives

“…The two universal adhesives proved comparably effective at enhancing bracket adhesion to the PMMA-based materials. Assure Plus was recently introduced to the orthodontic market as an ‘all-surface bonding resin’, claimed to be able to increase bracket retention to all the dental hard tissues, including teeth with fluorosis or deciduous enamel and cement, as well as to metallic, ceramic, and polymeric restorative substrates 161718. Scotchbond Universal Adhesive has long been available to dental clinicians for several purposes 1213.…”

“…In an in-vitro study, Hellak et al15 reported that Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) provided satisfactory retention of orthodontic brackets to metal, porcelain, and composite substrates. Lately, Assure Plus (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA), a one-step universal primer allegedly able to effectively bond orthodontic brackets to all intraoral surfaces, including restorative substrates, entered the market 161718. The bond strength of this new material to sound16 and fluorosed17 enamel, as well as to ceramic materials18 has been tested.…”

“…Lately, Assure Plus (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA), a one-step universal primer allegedly able to effectively bond orthodontic brackets to all intraoral surfaces, including restorative substrates, entered the market 161718. The bond strength of this new material to sound16 and fluorosed17 enamel, as well as to ceramic materials18 has been tested. A chemical component common to most universal adhesives is the 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogenphosphate (10-MDP) monomer.…”

Impact of Fluorosis on the Tensile Bond Strength of Metal Brackets and the Prevalence of Enamel Microcracks

“…One aspect of the discussion was the minimum value of the tensile bond strength. Reynolds suggested that the minimum clinically acceptable tensile bond strength was 5.9–7.8 MPa 31–33 . In the present research, fluorosed enamel showed significantly decreased TBS.…”

“…These disparities could be because different studies used teeth with unequal degrees of fluorosis. Furthermore, a general recommendation is that teeth should be used for experimentation within 1 month after harvesting 31 . In the present study, the protocol for tooth selection and enamel preparation was standardized: the TF index value was 3 and the enamel in both groups was etched for the same amount of time (30 seconds).…”