Effects of additional organic micro-minerals and methionine on carcass composition, gait score, bone characteristics, and osteochondrosis in replacement gilts of different growth rate

Fabà, Lluís; Gasa, J.; Tokach, Mike D; Font-i-Furnols, Maria; Vilarrasa, E.; Solà-Oriol, David

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114262

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Gourley et al., 2020). Fast‐growing pigs are more susceptible to osteochondrosis (Busch and Wachmann, 2011), which is likely to be painful and which may impair movement (Faba et al., 2019). Indeed, Quinn et al.…”

Section: Assessment Of General Tors 1 2 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare of pigs on farm

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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This scientific opinion focuses on the welfare of pigs on farm, and is based on literature and expert opinion. All pig categories were assessed: gilts and dry sows, farrowing and lactating sows, suckling piglets, weaners, rearing pigs and boars. The most relevant husbandry systems used in Europe are described. For each system, highly relevant welfare consequences were identified, as well as related animal-based measures (ABMs), and hazards leading to the welfare consequences. Moreover, measures to prevent or correct the hazards and/or mitigate the welfare consequences are recommended. Recommendations are also provided on quantitative or qualitative criteria to answer specific questions on the welfare of pigs related to tail biting and related to the European Citizen's Initiative 'End the Cage Age'. For example, the AHAW Panel recommends how to mitigate group stress when dry sows and gilts are grouped immediately after weaning or in early pregnancy. Results of a comparative qualitative assessment suggested that long-stemmed or long-cut straw, hay or haylage is the most suitable material for nest-building. A period of time will be needed for staff and animals to adapt to housing lactating sows and their piglets in farrowing pens (as opposed to crates) before achieving stable welfare outcomes. The panel recommends a minimum available space to the lactating sow to ensure piglet welfare (measured by live-born piglet mortality). Among the main risk factors for tail biting are space allowance, types of flooring, air quality, health status and diet composition, while weaning age was not associated directly with tail biting in later life. The relationship between the availability of space and growth rate, lying behaviour and tail biting in rearing pigs is quantified and presented. Finally, the panel suggests a set of ABMs to use at slaughter for monitoring on-farm welfare of cull sows and rearing pigs.

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Section: Assessment Of General Tors 1 2 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare of pigs on farm

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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“…These results contrast with our previous study where identical supplementation of TM and Met, in combination or separately, reduced lameness. Likewise, in the subsample study, TM alone enhanced bone strength and density and, combined with Met, improved the OC lesions score ( Fabà et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Deficiencies in TM such as Zn, Cu, and Mn ( Ott and Asquith, 1995 ; Shaw et al, 2006 ; Veum et al, 2009 ) and amino acid Met ( Huang et al, 2014 ), used herein, would negatively influence bone development. Conversely, the use of TM above requirements is noted as noneffective ( Orth, 1999 ; Creech et al, 2004 ; Gowanlock et al, 2013 ; Tóth et al, 2016 ) or with limited benefits on bone metabolism ( Liu et al, 2016 ) and bones and joint lesions ( Frantz et al, 2008 ; Quinn et al, 2015 ; Fabà et al, 2019 ). Similarly, benefits have been documented with Met ( Frantz et al, 2008 ; Ouattara et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, lameness was reduced when supplementing organic trace minerals (TM) copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in combination or not with high methionine (Met) such as a 1.02 Met:lysine (Lys) ratio ( Fabà et al, 2018 ). In a subsample study, TM also increased tibia breakage force, bone density, and metacarpal weight and ash content ( Fabà et al, 2019 ). Similarly, Frantz et al (2008) reported effects of Cu–Mn and combined Met and threonine to reduce OC scores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of supplementing organic microminerals and methionine with or without limiting growth during the rearing phase of replacement gilts on lameness, growth, and body composition1

Fabà

Gasa

Tokach

et al. 2019

Translational Animal Science

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Abstract Previous research suggested that lameness in growing pigs could be reduced using feeding strategies, such as limiting growth rate and supplementing trace minerals (TM) and (or) methionine (Met). The present study evaluates effects of 1) TM and Met and 2) limiting total lysine (Lys) during the rearing phase (90 d) of gilts (as a means to limit growth rate) on lameness, performance, and sow claw health and productivity (to first parity). Gilts (n = 240; 58.0 ± 11.1 kg body weight [BW]) were blocked, distributed into pens of 10 gilts, and pens were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were: 1) control or TM plus Met, which provided additional 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg of chelated copper, manganese, and zinc, respectively (0.1%, Aplomotec Plus, Tecnología & Vitaminas, S.L.; Alforja, Spain), and a 1.01 Met:Lys ratio and 2) standard Lys was formulated to meet growth requirements or low Lys to 19% below growth requirements. Feeding was provided through two phases, first between 119 and 163 d of age (phase I) and the second between 163 and 209 d of age (phase II). Diets had 2.43 and 2.31 Mcal net energy/kg for phases I and II, respectively, and were offered ad libitum. Low Lys did not affect feed intake but rather reduced average daily gain (ADG) by 6.35% and the final BW by 3.80% compared with standard Lys (P < 0.001). Low Lys reduced ADG (P < 0.001) and gain:feed (P = 0.012) during phase I but not during phase II. Lameness prevalence was 7.92% during rearing and increased with time (P < 0.001). Final BW (151 kg) and ADG (989 g) were similar (P > 0.05) whether gilts displayed lameness or not. Lameness was low in severity and not affected by dietary factors. However, TM- plus Met-fed gilts were 19.2 kg heavier (P = 0.016) than were control at lameness detection. On the sow farm, there was no evidence for differences in lameness or claw lesions among previous dietary treatments. In conclusion, lameness prevalence during the rearing phase was similar, independent of TM plus Met supplement, low Lys, or the interaction. Insufficient reduction of ADG and low severity in lameness may have limited the potential of dietary treatments. Moreover, a greater deficiency of Lys would be needed to achieve the degree of growth reduction previously reported to lessen lameness through feed restriction.

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“…At 70 d of age or at final pre-selection around 165 d, the increased growth rate of the heavier weight gilts derived from H-BWP dams may be negatively impacting mortality and culling. Some studies have reported an association between high growth rate in gilts and osteochondrosis and lameness (van Grevenhof et al, 2012;Fabà et al, 2019), but other studies have reported no such associations (Tóth et al, 2016). Although it was not one of the listed reasons for non-selection, extremely high body weights at the time of final pre-selection may still have resulted in a non-selection decision.…”

Section: Gilt Postnatal Development and Selection Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among individual gilt birth weight, litter birth weight phenotype, and the efficiency of replacement gilt production

Patterson

Bernardi

Allerson³

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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Selection for larger litter size has increased the number of individual low birth weight pigs (BWi) and produced sows with a repeatable low average litter birth weight phenotype (BWP). Using an average of 3.6 litters records per sow, BWP was established in 644 nucleus-multiplication sows producing replacement gilts in a large commercial operation and classified as low (L-BWP, < 1.18 kg, n = 85), medium (M-BWP, ≥1.18 to ≤ 1.35 kg, n = 250) or high (H-BWP, > 1.35 kg, n = 309) on the basis of a BWi of 1.18 kg below which there was a high risk of early mortality and the average BWi (1.35 kg) for the population. In subsequent litters, potential replacement gilts born to these sows (n = 7341) received a unique identification tag that allowed the impact of BWi, BWP and their interactions on the efficiency of replacement gilt production to be evaluated. Negative effects of BWi on mortality until d 4 after birth were confirmed (P < 0.05) and cumulative losses to weaning, to d 70 of age, and to final pre-selection at 165 d of age were affected (P ≤ 0.05) by the interaction between BWP and BWi. Among the 2035 gilts for which records for selection efficiency and production to fourth parity were available, a lower BWi decreased the probability of gilts reaching pubertal estrus (P < 0.05) after 21 and 28 d of boar stimulation starting at 180 d of age, with no effect of BWP. Overall, neither BWi, BWP, nor their interaction, affected age at puberty. After breeding, only the main effect of BWP affected productivity and retention in the sow herd. In parities 1 and 2, percent stillborn was higher in litters born to gilts from H-BWP compared to L-BWP dams (P < 0.05) and in parity 2, total born and born alive was lower in sows derived from H-BWP compared to other BWPs. There were no differences in retention based on BWP classes until Parity 2, after which retention tended (P ≤ 0.09) to be lower in sows derived from H-BWP compared to L-BWP dams. These results provide evidence that sow birth weight phenotype is an important factor in the overall efficiency of replacement gilt management. This study also confirms that effective gilt selection and pre-breeding management protocols support excellent sow lifetime productivity and mitigate the risk of a high BWP in the litter of origin affecting retention in the breeding herd.

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Effects of additional organic micro-minerals and methionine on carcass composition, gait score, bone characteristics, and osteochondrosis in replacement gilts of different growth rate

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Welfare of pigs on farm

Welfare of pigs on farm

Effects of supplementing organic microminerals and methionine with or without limiting growth during the rearing phase of replacement gilts on lameness, growth, and body composition1

Associations among individual gilt birth weight, litter birth weight phenotype, and the efficiency of replacement gilt production

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