Effects of ad libitum and restricted feeding on early production performance and body composition of Yorkshire pigs selected for reduced residual feed intake

Boddicker, Nicholas; Gabler, Nicholas K.; Spurlock, Michael E.; Nettleton, Dan; Dekkers, Jack C. M.

doi:10.1017/s175173111100036x

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Effects of selection for RFI on utilization of ME The higher energy expenditure in RFI+ piglets (Table 2) indicated that the efficiency of ME utilization was higher for RFI− than for RFI+ piglets when fed restrictively, and this agrees with results of other studies comparing a low RFI line to a control line (Boddicker et al, 2011a and2011b). Additionally, our study indicated that genetic selection, based on performance during the fattening period (from 35 kg onward; Gilbert et al, 2007) also affected metabolism during earlier stages of growth.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of inflammation stimulation on energy and nutrient utilization in piglets selected for low and high residual feed intake

Labussière

Dubois

Gilbert

et al. 2015

Animal

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Selection of animals for improved feed efficiency can affect sustainability of animal production because the most efficient animals may face difficulties coping with challenges. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an inflammatory challenge (using an intravenous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant -CFA) in piglets from two lines of pigs divergently selected during the fattening period for a low (RFI−) or a high (RFI+) residual feed intake (RFI; difference between actual feed intake and theoretical feed requirements). Nitrogen and energy balances (including heat production -HP -and its components: activityrelated HP -AHP, thermic effect of feeding, and resting HP) were measured individually in thirteen 20-kg BW castrated male piglets (six and seven from RFI+ and RFI− line, respectively) fed at the same level (1.72 MJ ME/kg BW 0.60 per day) from 3 days before to 3 days after CFA injection. Dynamics of dietary U-13 C-glucose oxidation were estimated from measurements of 13 CO 2 production on the day before and 3 days after the CFA injection. Oxidation of dietary nutrients and lipogenesis were calculated based on HP and O 2 consumption and CO 2 production. The data were analyzed as repeated measurements within piglets in a mixed model. Before CFA injection, RFI− piglets had a lower resting energy expenditure than RFI+ piglets, which tended to increase energy retention because of a higher energy retention as fat. The CFA injection did not affect feed intake from the day following CFA injection onwards but it increased energy retention ( P = 0.04). Time to recover 50% of 13 C from dietary glucose as expired 13 CO 2 was higher in RFI+ piglets before inducing inflammation but decreased after to the level of RFI− piglets ( P < 0.01). Oxidation of U-13 C-glucose tended to slightly increased in RFI− piglets and to decreased in RFI+ piglets ( P = 0.10) because of CFA. Additionally, RFI− piglets had a lower respiratory quotient during the 1st day following the CFA injection whereas RFI+ piglets tended to have a higher respiratory quotient. In conclusion, selection for RFI during the fattening period also affected the energy metabolism of pigs during earlier stages of growth. The effects of CFA injection were moderated in both lines but the most efficient animals (RFI−) exhibited a marked re-orientation of nutrients only during the 1st day after CFA, and seemed to recover thereafter, whereas the less efficient piglets expressed a more prolonged alteration of their metabolism.

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supporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of inflammation stimulation on energy and nutrient utilization in piglets selected for low and high residual feed intake

Labussière

Dubois

Gilbert

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…The extent of intestinal nutrient uptake greatly relies on the interplay between digestive secretions, the intestinal absorptive surface and the permeability of the intestinal epithelium [6,7]. More feed efficient animals consume less feed based on their growth and maintenance requirements [8]. Since the FI substantially influences the size and energy requirement of the intestine to degrade the ingested feed [9–11], more feed efficient animals should have a smaller GIT and hence lower energy demands for basal maintenance of the GIT [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

Finishing pigs that are divergent in feed efficiency show small differences in intestinal functionality and structure

et al. 2017

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Controversial information is available regarding the feed efficiency-related variation in intestinal size, structure and functionality in pigs. The present objective was therefore to investigate the differences in visceral organ size, intestinal morphology, mucosal enzyme activity, intestinal integrity and related gene expression in low and high RFI pigs which were reared at three different geographical locations (Austria, AT; Northern Ireland, NI; Republic of Ireland, ROI) using similar protocols. Pigs (n = 369) were ranked for their RFI between days 42 and 91 postweaning and low and high RFI pigs (n = 16 from AT, n = 24 from NI, and n = 60 from ROI) were selected. Pigs were sacrificed and sampled on ~day 110 of life. In general, RFI-related variation in intestinal size, structure and function was small. Some energy saving mechanisms and enhanced digestive and absorptive capacity were indicated in low versus high RFI pigs by shorter crypts, higher duodenal lactase and maltase activity and greater mucosal permeability (P < 0.05), but differences were mainly seen in pigs from AT and to a lesser degree in pigs from ROI. Additionally, low RFI pigs from AT had more goblet cells in duodenum but fewer in jejunum compared to high RFI pigs (P < 0.05). Together with the lower expression of TLR4 and TNFA in low versus high RFI pigs from AT and ROI (P < 0.05), these results might indicate differences in the innate immune response between low and high RFI pigs. Results demonstrated that the variation in the size of visceral organs and intestinal structure and functionality was greater between geographic location (local environmental factors) than between RFI ranks of pigs. In conclusion, present results support previous findings that the intestinal size, structure and functionality do not significantly contribute to variation in RFI of pigs.

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“…Therefore, improving feed effi ciency of livestock is an important goal for sustainability and profi tability. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of production effi ciency that is calculated by determining the difference between the observed feed intake and expected feed intake of an individual animal based on performance (Koch et al, 1963;Boddicker et al, 2011). Animals with a low RFI are more feed effi cient than animals with a high RFI and maintain similar growth performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent genetic selection for residual feed intake impacts mitochondria reactive oxygen species production in pigs1

Grubbs

Fritchen

Huff-Lonergan

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which genetic selection for residual feed intake (RFI) impacts electron leakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria from muscle and liver tissue. Understanding how genetic selection for RFI impacts animal physiology and growth efficiency is of the utmost importance as the world population increases. Production efficiency is tied directly to energy use. Mitochondria were used in this study because they produce 90% of the ATP in the body and use a large majority of dietary energy. Mitochondria were isolated from both muscle and liver tissue from pigs genetically selected for RFI (n = 8 per RFI line; 34 ± 4 kg). A 2,7-dichlorofluorscein diacetate assay was used to detect differences in hydrogen peroxide production between the more efficient low RFI line and the less efficient high RFI line. Our hypothesis was that greater efficiency would be linked to less ROS production from the mitochondria. There was less ROS production in mitochondria from the white portion of the semitendinosus in the low RFI line compared with the high RFI line, when both NADH and Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FADH2) energy substrates were used (glutamate and succinate, respectively). Additionally, mitochondria from the red portion of the semitendinosus in the low RFI line had less ROS production when succinate was used as an energy substrate (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between RFI and ROS in mitochondria from the LM. These data indicate genetic selection for RFI may influence mitochondrial ROS production and efficiency of pork production. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which genetic selection for residual feed intake (RFI) impacts electron leakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria from muscle and liver tissue. Understanding how genetic selection for RFI impacts animal physiology and growth effi ciency is of the utmost importance as the world population increases. Production effi ciency is tied directly to energy use. Mitochondria were used in this study because they produce 90% of the ATP in the body and use a large majority of dietary energy. Mitochondria were isolated from both muscle and liver tissue from pigs genetically selected for RFI (n = 8 per RFI line; 34 ± 4 kg). A 2,7-dichlorofl uorscein diacetate assay was used to detect differences in hydrogen peroxide production between the more effi cient low RFI line and the less effi cient high RFI line. Our hypothesis was that greater effi ciency would be linked to less ROS production from the mitochondria. There was less ROS production in mitochondria from the white portion of the semitendinosus in the low RFI line compared with the high RFI line, when both NADH and Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FADH2) energy substrates were used (glutamate and succinate, respectively). Additionally, mitochondria from the red portion of the semitendinosus in the low RFI line had less ROS production when succinate was used as an energ...

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Effects of ad libitum and restricted feeding on early production performance and body composition of Yorkshire pigs selected for reduced residual feed intake

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of inflammation stimulation on energy and nutrient utilization in piglets selected for low and high residual feed intake

Effect of inflammation stimulation on energy and nutrient utilization in piglets selected for low and high residual feed intake

Finishing pigs that are divergent in feed efficiency show small differences in intestinal functionality and structure

Divergent genetic selection for residual feed intake impacts mitochondria reactive oxygen species production in pigs1

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