Effects of acute stress on plasma cortisol, sex steroid hormone and glucose levels in male and female sockeye salmon during the breeding season

Kubokawa, Kaoru; Watanabe, Toshihide; Yoshioka, Motoi; Iwata, Munehico

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(98)00504-3

Cited by 116 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As observed in the present study, work carried out with other species of fish has demonstrated that different kinds of stress cause an increase in glucose levels (2,15,23). These studies also reported that high cortisol levels were positively correlated with high glucose levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Others have suggested that triglycerides are also mobilized in response to stress (12,13). An increase in plasma glucose levels has also been observed in fish submitted to acute and chronic stress (14,15). It is likely that the mass loss in animals submitted to chronic stress is the result of protein mobilization due to increased cortisol levels which enhance the availability of energy (16,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the establishment of dominance relationships on cortisol and other metabolic parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Corrêa

Fernandes

Iseki

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the establishment of dominance relationships and social stress on plasma cortisol and metabolite levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). During the 30-day experiment, the fish weighing 236 ± 29 g were kept in individual aquaria, except for two pairings lasting 6 h each. Blood samples were taken from the animals before and after pairing. Display, approach, attack, rebuff, chase flight, and coloration were carried out on days 16 and 30. Activities and behaviors characteristic of the establishment of dominance relationships were described. It was possible to classify all experimental fish (N = 30) as dominant or subordinate. No differences were detected between dominant (N = 15) and subordinate (N = 15) fish during isolation or after pairing in cortisol (isolated: 5.76 ± 0.98 vs 5.42 ± 0.63; paired: 10.94 ± 1.62 vs 11.21 ± 2.45 µg/dl), glucose (isolated: 60.02 ± 4.9 vs 67. 85 ± 16.16; paired: 110.44 ± 15.72 vs 136.26 ± 22.46 mg/dl), triglyceride (isolated: 167.87 ± 5.06 vs 185.68 ± 7.24; paired: 210.85 ± 13.40 vs 221.82 ± 12.70 mg/dl) or total protein levels (isolated: 7.01 ± 0.42 vs 6.69 ± 0.59; paired: 9.21 ± 0.62 vs 9.51 ± 0.66 g/dl). However, when isolated (N = 30) and paired (N = 30) tilapia were compared, there were significant differences in cortisol and metabolite levels. The similar response presented by dominant and subordinate tilapia indicates that establishment of dominance relationships was a stressor for both groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the establishment of dominance relationships on cortisol and other metabolic parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Corrêa

Fernandes

Iseki

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Mommsen (51) suggested that the spawninginduced salmon muscle degenerative mechanisms involve glucocorticoids. Fish spawning (11,38), and intense exercise (49) increase activity of the pituitary-interrenal axis, increasing cortisol availability. This observation suggests that altered gene expression of glycolytic pathway enzymes may be subsequent to insulin resistance caused by prolonged partial anorexia or as a downstream effect of elevated levels of adrenal glucocorticoids.…”

Section: Genes Involved In Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray gene expression analysis in atrophying rainbow trout muscle: a unique nonmammalian muscle degradation model

Salem

Kenney

Rexroad

et al. 2006

Physiological Genomics

115

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Salem M, Kenney PB, Rexroad CE 3rd, Yao J. Microarray gene expression analysis in atrophying rainbow trout muscle: a unique nonmammalian muscle degradation model. Physiol Genomics 28: 33-45, 2006. First published August 1, 2006; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00114.2006.-Muscle atrophy is a physiological response to diverse physiological and pathological conditions that trigger muscle deterioration through specific cellular mechanisms. Despite different signals, the biochemical changes in atrophying muscle share many common cascades. Muscle deterioration as a physiological response to the energetic demands of fish vitellogenesis represents a unique model for studying the mechanisms of muscle degradation in non-mammalian animals. A salmonid microarray, containing 16,006 cDNAs, was used to study the transcriptome response to atrophy of fast-switch muscles from gravid rainbow trout compared with sterile fish. Eighty-two unique transcripts were upregulated and 120 transcripts were downregulated in atrophying muscles. Transcripts having gene ontology identifiers were grouped according to their functions. Muscle deterioration was associated with elevated expression of genes involved in the catheptic and collagenase proteolytic pathways; the aerobic production, buffering, and utilization of ATP; and growth arrest; whereas atrophying muscle showed downregulation of genes encoding a serine proteinase inhibitor, enzymes of anaerobic respiration, muscle proteins as well as genes required for RNA and protein biosynthesis/processing. Therefore, gene transcription of the trout muscle atrophy changed in a manner similar to mammalian muscle atrophy. These changes result in an arrest of normal cell growth, protein degradation, and decreased glycolytic cellular respiration that is characteristic of the fast-switch muscle. For the first time, other changes/mechanisms unique to fish were discussed including genes associated with muscle atrophy. atrophy; Oncorhynchus mykiss SEVERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL and pathological conditions can cause muscle atrophy by triggering unique responses through distinct cellular stimuli. Transcriptional mechanisms of muscle wastage are well characterized at the transcriptome level in mammalian models as a response to nutritional restriction (7), fasting, severe diseases, including cancer, renal failure, diabetes (41, 42), and sepsis (42), as well as muscle disuse or denervation (4, 57). Some studies have dealt with fish muscle atrophy at the level of individual genes/mechanisms (46, 51, 58, 60 -62). The molecular basis of mammalian muscle atrophy has received considerable attention in the literature (25,30). Losing muscle mass results from elevated rate of proteolysis and decreased rate of protein synthesis. Despite the significant amount of literature (30,32,42), the specific roles of the proteolytic systems in degrading mammalian muscle still are unclear. Moreover, we recently showed that fish use different muscle degrading proteolytic strategies compared with mammals (58). The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway,...

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“…First, in some species with which we are . Numbers refer to the following species: 1, Acipenser ruthenus (Mojazi Amiri et al, 1996); 2, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rouger and Liley, 1993); 3, Oncorhynchus nerka (Kubokawa et al, 1999); 4, Salmo salar (Mayer et al, 1990b); 5, Salmo trutta (Cardwell et al, 1996); 6, Salvelinus fontinalis (Cardwell et al, 1996); 7, Cyprinus carpio (Nikitina and Godovich, 1984); 8, Catostomus commersoni (Scott et al, 1984); 9, Ictalurus nebulosus (Rosenblum et al, 1987); 10, Heteropneustes fossilis (Lamba et al, 1983); 11, Fundulus heteroclitus (Cochran, 1987); 12, Porychthys notatus (Knapp et al, 1999); 13, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Mayer et al, 1990a); 14, Syngnathus acus (Mayer et al, 1993); 15, Syngnathus typhle (Mayer et al, 1993); 16, Lates calcarifer (Guiguen et al, 1993); 17, Dicentrarchus labrax (Prat et al, 1990); 18, Morone saxatilis (Mylonas et al, 1997); 19, Lepomis macrochirus (Kindler et al 1989); 20, Stizostedion vitreum (Malison et al, 1994); 21, Pomatomus saltator (MacGregor et al, 1981); 22, Pagrus major (Ouchi et al, 1988); 23, Acanthopagrus butcheri (Haddy and Pankhurst, 1998); 24, Rhabdosargus sarba (Yeung and Chan, 1987); 25, Sparidentex hasta (Lone et al, 1991); 26, Cynoscion nebulosus (Thomas et al, 1982); 27, Oreochromis aureus (Mol et al, 1994); 28, Oreochromis mossambicus ; 29, Sarotherodon melanotheron ; 30, Chromis dispilus (Pankhurst, 1990); 31, Acanthochromis polyacanthus (Haddy and Pankhurst, 1998); 32, Hypsypops rubicundus (Sikkel, 1993); 33, Sparisoma viridae (Cardwell and Liley, 1991); 34, Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis …”

Section: Mating Systems and Endocrine Responsivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social modulation of androgen levels in male teleost fish

Oliveira

Hirschenhauser

Carneiro

et al. 2002

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

191

113

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Androgens are classically thought of as the sex steroids controlling male reproduction. However, in recent years evidence has accumulated showing that androgens can also be affected by the interactions between conspecifics, suggesting reciprocal interactions between androgens and behaviour. These results have been interpreted as an adaptation for individuals to adjust their agonistic motivation and to cope with changes in their social environment. Thus, malemale interactions would stimulate the production of androgens, and the levels of androgens would be a function of the stability of its social environment w'challenge hypothesis', Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 56 (1984) 417x. Here the available data on social modulation of androgen levels in male teleosts are reviewed and some predictions of the challenge hypothesis are addressed using teleosts as a study model. We investigate the causal link between social status, territoriality and elevated androgen levels and the available evidence suggests that the social environment indeed modulates the endocrine axis of teleosts. The association between higher androgen levels and social rank emerges mainly in periods of social instability. As reported in the avian literature, in teleosts the trade-off between androgens and parental care is indicated by the fact that during the parental phase breeding males decreased their androgen levels. A comparison of androgen responsiveness between teleost species with different mating and parenting systems also reveals that parenting explains the variation observed in androgen responsiveness to a higher degree than the mating strategy. Finally, the adaptive value of social modulation of androgens and some of its evolutionary consequences are discussed. ᮊ

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Effects of acute stress on plasma cortisol, sex steroid hormone and glucose levels in male and female sockeye salmon during the breeding season

Cited by 116 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of the establishment of dominance relationships on cortisol and other metabolic parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Effect of the establishment of dominance relationships on cortisol and other metabolic parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Microarray gene expression analysis in atrophying rainbow trout muscle: a unique nonmammalian muscle degradation model

Social modulation of androgen levels in male teleost fish

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