“…Several substances known to be addictive in humans, such as nicotine, ethanol (EtOH), cocaine, amphetamine, and morphine, also produce drug-seeking behavior in animals as evidenced by the fact that they are self-administered and induce conditioned place preference (CPP) (Reid et al, 1984;McFarland and Ettanberg, 1995;Shaham and Stewart, 1994;Shiba et al, 1996;Masukawa et al, 1993). These drugs preferentially increase extracellular dopamine concentrations and energy metabolism in the shell of the NAc, as estimated by brain microdialysis, in vivo electrochemis-try, and 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography (Pontieri et al, 1996;Di Chiara and Imperato, 1988;Abekawa et al, 1994;Nishijima et al, 1996;Kuczenski et al, 1991;Dewey et al, 1998;Morgan et al, 1997;Yoshimoto et al, 1991;Weiss et al, 1993;Cass, 1996;Sharp, 1987).…”