Effects of acute hyperglycemia on the exercise pressor reflex in healthy rats

Huo, Yu; Grotle, Ann-Katrin; Ybarbo, Kai; Lee, Junghoon; Harrison, Michelle; Stone, Audrey J.

doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102739

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Considering that neither hypertension, FBG, nor central adiposity were able to explain the exaggerated exercise pressor and metaboreflex responses in individuals with MetS in the present study, it may be possible that changes in receptor expression occur secondary to the development of MetS. This notion is supported by the observations that 1) the exercise pressor reflex is significantly exaggerated in type 2 diabetic rats ( Kim et al, 2019 ; Huo et al, 2022 ), 2) this adaptation occurs in parallel with disease progression ( Grotle et al, 2019 ), and 3) acute glucose administration has no influence on exercise pressor reflex responses in non-diabetic rats ( Huo et al, 2020 ). Thus, elevated glucose alone is not able to explain diabetes related cardiovascular adaptations, and instead, these adaptations are more likely explained by secondary adaptations to MetS development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Hemodynamic responses to handgrip and metaboreflex activation are exaggerated in individuals with metabolic syndrome independent of resting blood pressure, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose

Stavres,

Aultman,

Brandner

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Introduction: Prior studies report conflicting evidence regarding exercise pressor and metaboreflex responses in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Purpose: To test the hypotheses that 1) exercise pressor and metaboreflex responses are exaggerated in MetS and 2) these differences may be explained by elevated resting blood pressure.Methods: Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were evaluated in 26 participants (13 MetS) during 2 min of handgrip exercise followed by 3 min of post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), along with HR and a cumulative blood pressure index (BPI), were compared between groups using independent samples t-tests, and analyses of covariance were used to adjust for differences in resting blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and waist circumference (WC).Results: ΔSBP (∼78% and ∼54%), ΔMAP (∼67% and ∼55%), and BPI (∼16% and ∼20%) responses were significantly exaggerated in individuals with MetS during handgrip and PECO, respectively (all p ≤ 0.04). ΔDBP, ΔMAP, and BPI responses during handgrip remained significantly different between groups after independently covarying for resting blood pressure (p < 0.01), and after simultaneously covarying for resting blood pressure, FBG, and WC (p ≤ 0.03). Likewise, peak SBP, DBP, MAP, and BPI responses during PECO remained significantly different between groups after adjusting for resting blood pressure (p ≤ 0.03), with peak SBP, MAP, and BPI response remaining different between groups after adjusting for all three covariates simultaneously (p ≤ 0.04).Conclusion: These data suggest that exercise pressor and metaboreflex responses are significantly exaggerated in MetS independent of differences in resting blood pressure, FBG, or WC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Hemodynamic responses to handgrip and metaboreflex activation are exaggerated in individuals with metabolic syndrome independent of resting blood pressure, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose

Stavres,

Aultman,

Brandner

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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“…Moreover, insulin has strong central autonomic effects that may also be involved (Morgan et al, 1993;Muntzel et al, 1994;Estrada et al, 2023). Conversely, glucose may be less important (Huo et al, 2020). These findings highlight the importance of considering insulin resistance status and circulating insulin levels when studying the exercise pressor reflex, especially in insulin-resistant prone older adults.…”

Section: Potential Role Of Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 84%

Age-related alterations in the cardiovascular responses to acute exercise in males and females: role of the exercise pressor reflex

Grotle,

Langlo,

Holsbrekken

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Autonomic adjustments of the cardiovascular system are critical for initiating and sustaining exercise by facilitating the redistribution of blood flow and oxygen delivery to meet the metabolic demands of the active skeletal muscle. Afferent feedback from active skeletal muscles evokes reflex increases in sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure (BP) (i.e., exercise pressor reflex) and contributes importantly to these primary neurovascular adjustments to exercise. When altered, this reflex contributes significantly to the exaggerated sympathetic and BP response to exercise observed in many cardiovascular-related diseases, highlighting the importance of examining the reflex and its underlying mechanism(s). A leading risk factor for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in both males and females is aging. Although regular exercise is an effective strategy for mitigating the health burden of aging, older adults face a greater risk of experiencing an exaggerated cardiovascular response to exercise. However, the role of aging in mediating the exercise pressor reflex remains highly controversial, as conflicting findings have been reported. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the current understanding of the influence of aging on cardiovascular responses to exercise, focusing on the role of the exercise pressor reflex and proposing future directions for research. We reason that this review will serve as a resource for health professionals and researchers to stimulate a renewed interest in this critical area.

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“…Furthermore, they used an isolated muscle-nerve preparation to show that application of insulin decreased the threshold, but not the magnitude, of mechanically evoked group IV afferent activity. In terms of glucose, a recent study showed that acutely infusing glucose into the hindlimb to concentrations observed in T2D rats did not affect the exercise pressor reflex or either of its two components (i.e., mechanoreflex and metaboreflex) in healthy rats (Huo et al, 2020). However, these responses may be different in T2D rats.…”

Section: Neurovascular Dysregulation During Exercise In Type 2 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neurovascular Dysregulation During Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2021

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Emerging evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes (T2D) may impair the ability to properly adjust the circulation during exercise with augmented blood pressure (BP) and an attenuated contracting skeletal muscle blood flow (BF) response being reported. This review provides a brief overview of the current understanding of these altered exercise responses in T2D and the potential underlying mechanisms, with an emphasis on the sympathetic nervous system and its regulation during exercise. The research presented support augmented sympathetic activation, heightened BP, reduced skeletal muscle BF, and impairment in the ability to attenuate sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction (i.e., functional sympatholysis) as potential drivers of neurovascular dysregulation during exercise in T2D. Furthermore, emerging evidence supporting a contribution of the exercise pressor reflex and central command is discussed along with proposed future directions for studies in this important area of research.

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Effects of acute hyperglycemia on the exercise pressor reflex in healthy rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Hemodynamic responses to handgrip and metaboreflex activation are exaggerated in individuals with metabolic syndrome independent of resting blood pressure, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose

Hemodynamic responses to handgrip and metaboreflex activation are exaggerated in individuals with metabolic syndrome independent of resting blood pressure, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose

Age-related alterations in the cardiovascular responses to acute exercise in males and females: role of the exercise pressor reflex

Neurovascular Dysregulation During Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes

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