Effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on aortic blood pressure and aortic augmentation index in young and older adults

Hughes, William E.; Ueda, Kenichi; Treichler, David P.; Casey, Darren P.

doi:10.1016/j.niox.2016.06.007

Cited by 36 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This observation differs from a number of previous studies (38,39), including some of older subjects (19,40). There is evidence, however, that aging may attenuate the vasodilatory effects of dietary NO3 - (41,42). Furthermore, there was a tendency for the change in systolic blood pressure to be greater after NO3ingestion (-9±2 vs. -3±2 mmHg; η 2 =0.41, P=0.12), suggesting the lack of difference in absolute blood pressure may represent a type II error.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

A single dose of dietary nitrate increases maximal muscle speed and power in healthy older men and women

Coggan

Hoffman

Gray

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Aging results in reductions in maximal muscular strength, speed, and power, which often lead to functional limitations highly predictive of disability, institutionalization, and mortality in the elderly. This may be partially due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. We therefore hypothesized that dietary nitrate (NO3 -), a source of NO via the NO3 -→ nitrite (NO2 -) → NO enterosalivary pathway, could increase muscle contractile function in older subjects.Methods Twelve healthy older (age 71±1 y) subjects were studied using a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. After fasting overnight, subjects were tested 2 h after ingesting beetroot juice containing or devoid of 13.4±0.5 mmol NO3 -. Plasma NO3and NO2and breath NO were measured periodically, and muscle function was determined using isokinetic dynamometry.Results NO3ingestion increased (P<0.001) plasma NO3 -, plasma NO2 -, and breath NO by 1050%, 140%, and 110%, respectively. Maximal velocity of knee extension increased (P<0.01) by 1.1±0.3 rad/s, or by 10.9±3.5%. Maximal knee extensor power increased (P<0.05) by 0.14±0.06 W/kg, or by 4.4±2.3%.Conclusions Acute dietary NO3intake improves muscle contractility in older individuals. These findings have important implications for this population, in whom diminished muscle function can lead to functional limitations, dependence, and even premature death.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

A single dose of dietary nitrate increases maximal muscle speed and power in healthy older men and women

Coggan

Hoffman

Gray

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Doses as low as 5.1 mmol have been shown to cause significant SBP reductions, with higher doses (up to 22 mmol as beetroot juice, and 24 mmol as potassium nitrate, as used here) resulting in SBP/DBP reductions of 10.4/8.0 mmHg, and 9.4/6.0 mmHg, respectively . Reductions in arterial stiffness have also occurred with both acute and chronic dosing . Whilst several studies in healthy individuals failed to show a peripheral BP decrease with NO 3 − supplementation, this is the first study with a neutral effect for ≥12 mmol/d NO 3 − .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Acute interaction between oral glucose (75 g as Lucozade) and inorganic nitrate: Decreased insulin clearance, but lack of blood pressure‐lowering

Floyd

Lidder

Hunt

et al. 2019

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Aims: Dietary inorganic nitrate (NO 3 − ) lowers peripheral blood pressure (BP) in healthy volunteers, but lacks such effect in individuals with, or at risk of, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whilst this is commonly assumed to be a consequence of chronic hyperglycaemia/hyperinsulinaemia, we hypothesized that acute physiological elevations in plasma [glucose]/[insulin] blunt the haemodynamic responses to NO 3 − , a pertinent question for carbohydrate-rich Western diets. Methods: We conducted an acute, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study on the haemodynamic and metabolic effects of potassium nitrate (8 or 24 mmol KNO 3 ) vs. potassium chloride (KCl; placebo) administered 1 hour prior to an oral glucose tolerance test in 33 healthy volunteers.Results: Compared to placebo, there were no significant differences in systolic or diastolic BP (P = 0.27 and P = 0.30 on ANOVA, respectively) with KNO 3 , nor in pulse wave velocity or central systolic BP (P = 0.99 and P = 0.54 on ANOVA, respectively). Whilst there were significant elevations from baseline for plasma [glucose] and [C-peptide], no differences between interventions were observed. A significant increase in plasma [insulin] was observed with KNO 3 vs. KCl (n = 33; P = 0.014 on ANOVA) with the effect driven by the high-dose cohort (24 mmol, n = 13; P < 0.001 on ANOVA; at T = 0.75 h mean difference 210.4 pmol/L (95% CI 28.5 to 392.3), P = 0.012).Conclusions: In healthy adults, acute physiological elevations of plasma [glucose] and [insulin] result in a lack of BP-lowering with dietary nitrate. The increase in plasma [insulin] without a corresponding change in [C-peptide] or [glucose] suggests that high-dose NO 3 − decreases insulin clearance. A likely mechanism is via NOdependent inhibition of insulin-degrading enzyme.

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“…Six participants (Nos. 4,9,16,17,19, and 24) produced relatively low levels of nitrite (<0.5 mM Δ nitrite), while seven (Nos. 1,5,7,14,20,21, and 23) produced relatively high levels (>1.0 mM Δ nitrite) ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, ingestion of nitrate has been considered deleterious because it is rapidly reduced by oral microbial activity to toxic nitrite, which is a possible cause of infant methemoglobinemia and is linked to the formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamine (1). Over the past two decades, however, it has also become clear that nitrate/nitrite also has beneficial effects such as reduction of blood pressure (2)(3)(4) and oxygen consumption (5), and antibacterial activity in the oral cavity (6)(7)(8) and upper intestinal tract (9). Nitric oxide produced through the reduction of dietary nitrate to nitrite by oral bacteria may have a vasodilatory effect, as does endogenous nitric oxide (NO) derived from L-arginine (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary nitrate-nitrite conversion capacity after nitrate ingestion and incidence of <i>Veillonella</i> spp. in elderly individuals

Mitsui

Saito

Harasawa³

2018

J Oral Sci

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Dietary nitrate has several beneficial effects, including blood pressure reduction and improved oxygen consumption efficiency, but in order to do so it must first be reduced to nitrite by oral bacteria. Veillonella spp., a strictly anaerobic group, are the most prevalent nitrate-reducing bacteria in the oral cavity. In response to some early studies that have hinted at inter- and intra-individual variation in salivary nitrate-nitrite conversion capacity, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the incidence of and variation in the Veillonella species V. atypica, V. dispar, and V. rogosae by direct PCR and to assess salivary nitrate-nitrite conversion capacity and its reproducibility after dietary nitrate consumption in 24 elderly individuals. V. atypica, V. dispar, and V. rogosae were detected in 10 (41.7%), 24 (100%), and 14 (58.3%) participants, respectively. The coefficients of correlation between the first and second experiments on increased nitrate/nitrite were 0.637 and 0.583, respectively, both of which were statistically significant (P < 0.01). In both experiments, 6 participants produced relatively low levels of nitrite (<0.5 mM Δ nitrite) while 7 produced relatively high levels (>1.0 mM Δ nitrite). The data suggested that V. dispar was the most prevalent species, being present even in individuals producing low levels of salivary nitrite.

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Effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on aortic blood pressure and aortic augmentation index in young and older adults

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

A single dose of dietary nitrate increases maximal muscle speed and power in healthy older men and women

A single dose of dietary nitrate increases maximal muscle speed and power in healthy older men and women

Acute interaction between oral glucose (75 g as Lucozade) and inorganic nitrate: Decreased insulin clearance, but lack of blood pressure‐lowering

Salivary nitrate-nitrite conversion capacity after nitrate ingestion and incidence of <i>Veillonella</i> spp. in elderly individuals

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