Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Disulfide-Linked Growth Hormone Variants

Pierce, Joseph R.; Tuckow, Alexander P.; Alemany, Joseph A.; Rarick, Kevin R.; Staab, Jeffery S.; Harman, Everett A.; Nindl, Bradley C.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31818c6d93

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(47 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The magnitude of increase ranged from 1.2-1.5× when compared to non-reduced samples, and this was primarily attributed to increased dimeric (30-60 kD) GH, as estimated by gel filtration chromatography [23]. In the current investigation, the magnitude of immunoreactive GH increase was 1.1-1.3×, a similar range to what has been reported elsewhere [22,24,26]. We believe these reports establish the validity of a simple chemical reduction procedure that can be used to estimate the effectiveness of an exercise regimen in releasing dimeric forms of GH into the circulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Serum GH was reduced in accordance with previously described methods [24]. In summary, serum aliquots were thawed and split into two 135 μL portions.…”

Section: Gsh Gh Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy resistance and endurance exercise can alter the distribution of circulating GH isoforms in women [22,23] and men [24][25][26]. Previously, we used GSH to reduce unfractionated and fractionated (based on molecular size) GH before and after heavy resistance exercise [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Acute resistance exercise stimulates sex-specific dimeric immunoreactive growth hormone responses

Luk

Kraemer

Szivak

et al. 2015

Growth Hormone & IGF Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Serum GH was reduced in accordance with previously described methods [24]. In summary, serum aliquots were thawed and split into two 135 μL portions.…”

Section: Gsh Gh Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acute resistance exercise stimulates sex-specific dimeric immunoreactive growth hormone responses

Luk

Kraemer

Szivak

et al. 2015

Growth Hormone & IGF Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The programs were similar in daily duration and approximate intensity, allowing us to attribute any training group diVerences to program type rather than duration or intensity of exercise training. A typical week of training for the CT and RT groups are depicted in Table 1 (Pierce et al 2009). …”

Section: Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise training on the matrix metalloprotease response to acute exercise

et al. 2009

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in the circulation are thought to modulate the activation of growth factors, cytokines, and angiogenesis, facilitating physiological adaptations to exercise training. The purpose of this work was to characterize serum MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 concentrations pre- and post-eight weeks of exercise training. We tested the hypothesis that exercise training would influence serum MMP concentrations in response to an acute resistance exercise test (ARET). Participants were randomized into an 8-week training program (5 days per week) that emphasized callisthenic (CT, N = 8) or resistance (RT, N = 8) exercise. Serum MMP concentrations (MMP-1, -2, -3, -9) were assessed in men (N = 16) in response to an acute bout of high-intensity resistance exercise (six sets of 10-RM squats with 2-min inter-set rest periods) both before and after 8 weeks of training. Training resulted in a temporal shift in the peak MMP-1 concentration from post-ARET to mid-ARET in both groups. Post-training, MMP-9 concentrations were increased immediately after the ARET in the CT group as compared to pre-training ARET concentrations. RT did not alter MMP-3 and -9 concentrations. These data suggest that the mode of exercise training influences the MMP response to an acute bout of exercise, revealing a possible role of MMPs in initiating training-specific adaptations.

show abstract

“…The effects of exercise, both resistance and aerobic, have been shown to increase the proportion of non-22 kDa GH isoforms and thereby potentially enhance a diabetogenic effect and prevent postexercise hypoglycemia [21]. More recently, it has been shown that acute resistance may lead to the appearance of disulfide-linked GH aggregates for which the physiological significance remains uncertain [28]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High molecular weight isoforms of growth hormone in cells of the immune system

Weigent

2011

Cellular Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A substantial body of research exists to support the idea that cells of the immune system produce growth hormone (GH). However, the structure and mechanism of action of lymphocyte-derived GH continues to remain largely unknown. Here we present the results of Western analysis of whole cell extracts showing that different molecular weight isoforms of GH of approximately 100 kDa, 65 kDa, and 48 kDa can be detected in primary mouse cells of the immune system and in the mouse EL4 cell line. The identity of the 65 kDa and 48 kDa isoforms of GH were confirmed by mass spectrometry. The various isoforms were detected in both enriched T and B spleen cell populations. The large molecular weight isoform appears to reside primarily in the cytoplasm whereas the lower molecular weight 65 kDa and 48 kDa isoforms were detected primarily in the nucleus. These results also suggest that GH isoforms are induced by oxidative stress. In EL4 cells overexpressing GH, the expression of luciferase controlled by a promoter containing the antioxidant response element is increased almost three-fold above control. The data suggest that the induction of isoforms of the GH molecule in cells of the immune system may be an important mechanism of adaptation and/or protection of lymphoid cells under conditions of oxidative stress.

show abstract

Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Disulfide-Linked Growth Hormone Variants

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Acute resistance exercise stimulates sex-specific dimeric immunoreactive growth hormone responses

Acute resistance exercise stimulates sex-specific dimeric immunoreactive growth hormone responses

Effects of exercise training on the matrix metalloprotease response to acute exercise

High molecular weight isoforms of growth hormone in cells of the immune system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About