Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunological Parameters in the Elderly Aged: Can Physical Activity Counteract the Effects of Aging?

Sellami, Maha; Gasmi, Maha; Denham, Joshua; Hayes, Lawrence D.; Stratton, Dan; Padulo, Johnny; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02187

Cited by 167 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…The extent of exercise-induced changes to the immune system in the elderly is quite diverse and depends on the type of physical activity as well as the volume and intensity of exercise. Future analyses will allow to understand the role which physical activity sustained throughout life plays on prevention of immunosenescence and lifestyle diseases [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Exercise Attenuates Immunosenescence; Flow Cytometry Analysis

Tylutka

Morawin

Gramacki

et al. 2020

Preprint

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It is widely well documented that ageing is accompanied by remodelling of the immune system including thymic atrophy and increased frequency of senescent T cells, thereby leading to immune compromise. The interaction of physical activity and the immune response is very complex and depends on the immune system status as well as the intensity, the type and the frequency of exercise. However, daily physical activity which particularly influences immunity and which declines dramatically with age, has not been widely reported in the studies. Therefore, this study was designed to explain whether physical activity sustained throughout life attenuates or reverses immunosenescence.The study subjects (n=99) were recruited from the University of the Third Age; they were assessed for the presence of chronic diseases and their functional capacity (6-min walking test) and cardiorespiratory (6-min Åstrand test) fitness were evaluated. Eventually, 54 subjects of the mean age >65 years participated in the study. The baseline peripheral naïve and memory T cells were analysed by flow cytometry in 34 elderly subjects who had maintained a high level of physical activity (Nordic-walking, Tai-Chi, cycling, 2-4 times per week) for much of their adult lives, and in 20 elderly people who had not been involved in regular exercise. The elderly who demonstrated a superior gait speed >1.3 m/s had a significantly higher the CD4+ naïve T lymphocyte population and a higher CD4+naïve/CD4+memory ratio compared to the inactive group. Above 50% of active individuals had the CD4/CD8 ratio ≥1 or ≤2.5 contrary to the inactive ones who demonstrated the values of CD4/CD8 ratio <1. Interestingly, the fat mass (FM) was positively correlated with CD4+ and CD4+memory in the inactive group which means that the number of CD4+memory cells and CD4+ T cells increased with the body fat content. Based on cytometry flow analysis, we concluded that major features of immunosenescence are contingent on lifestyle exercise in older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Exercise Attenuates Immunosenescence; Flow Cytometry Analysis

Tylutka

Morawin

Gramacki

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Immunosenescence affects the function and phenotype of immune cells, such as the expression and function of receptors for immune cells, which contributes to a loss of the immune function (chemotaxis, intracellular killing). 8) Furthermore, these alterations decrease the response to pathogens, which leads to several age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimerʼs disease, and diabetes in older individuals. 8) In addition, the risk of autoimmune disease and chronic infection increases with the aging of the immune system, which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory environment, ultimately leading to accelerated biological aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8) Furthermore, these alterations decrease the response to pathogens, which leads to several age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimerʼs disease, and diabetes in older individuals. 8) In addition, the risk of autoimmune disease and chronic infection increases with the aging of the immune system, which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory environment, ultimately leading to accelerated biological aging. 8) The present study showed that the main cause of an increased CRP level on arrival among traumatized patients was infection, but this increased CRP level did not significantly affect the clinical outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8) In addition, the risk of autoimmune disease and chronic infection increases with the aging of the immune system, which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory environment, ultimately leading to accelerated biological aging. 8) The present study showed that the main cause of an increased CRP level on arrival among traumatized patients was infection, but this increased CRP level did not significantly affect the clinical outcome. The main etiological categories of inflammation in the human body are infections, neoplasms, noninfectious inflammatory diseases (connectivetissue diseases or vasculitis), and miscellaneous conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Significance of C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Trauma on Arrival

Nagasawa

Omori

Takeuchi

et al. 2019

Juntendo Medical Journal

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Objective: To investigate to investigate significance of C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with trauma on arrival. Materials: From September 2017 to February 2018, a medical chart review was retrospectively performed for all patients with trauma who were admitted to our department. Methods: The subjects were divided into two groups: a CRP-negative group (initial CRP level ≤0.3 mg/dl) and a CRP-positive group (> 0.3 mg/dl). For the CRP-positive group, we additionally investigated the cause of the increased level of CRP. Results: There were 33 cases in the CRP-positive group and 168 in the CRP-negative group. The age and ratio of lymphocytes in the CRP-positive group was significantly higher than those in the CRP-negative group. Twenty-two to twenty-eight of the 33 cases (67-85%) had an infection, 3 of 33 (9%) had a delayed visit (over 24 h from the onset of the trauma) to the emergency department, and 2 cases (6%) had malignancy in the CRP-positive group. All subjects with an increased CRP level on arrival potentially had underlying diseases that might have caused their trauma. Conclusion: Some traumatized patients may have elevated CRP levels on arrival due to underlying diseases capable of causing trauma. An increased initial level of CRP did not significantly affect the clinical outcome; however, physicians should pay attention to the cause of the increased CRP level, which may affect the patientʼs outcome. Exploring increased CRP levels may be useful for identifying the mechanism underlying the occurrence of trauma.

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“…Lymphocytosis is caused by recruitment of NK, T, and B lymphocytes. 37,39 Results may suggest that the chronic effect of exercise was the most expressive stimulus in the induction of white blood cell increase in leukometry, which is fundamental in innate and acquired immune responses. The increase in leukometry was related to a plasma BDNF increase in trained diabetic animals, which corroborates with the study by Azoulay et al 40 Their results demonstrated that these factors have the ability of promoting chemotaxis and myeloproliferative increase and effect in animals through the interaction with CXCR4 receptors.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Hematological Parameters Leukometry and Leukocmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Evaluation of Hypoglycemic Therapy Through Physical Exercise in n5STZ-Induced Diabetes Rats</p>

Ribeiro

Nascimento

Agostinho

et al. 2020

DMSO

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with multiple etiologies involving insulin, in which there is a lack of production and/or loss of sensitivity to this hormone resulting in insulin resistance. Treatment and control of this disease requires changes in diet, use of medication, and lifestyle, such as physical activity. These modifications may compromise quality-of-life if there is no proper guidance for the treatment or alert to possible complications caused by the disease. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate biochemical and hematological parameters, and to assess brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in diabetic Wistar rats submitted to chronic physical exercise. Results: The results demonstrated an increase in plasma concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in association with hyperglycemia reduction in diabetic animals. Discussion: The results obtained suggest that there is a regulation of glucose homeostasis between peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Exercise-induced BDNF also improved levels of glycemia, body weight, and dyslipidemia. In hematological evaluation, BDNF increase was positively correlated with an improvement in leukocyte parameters. Electrophoresis analyses demonstrated a reduction in levels of pro-inflammatory proteins, lipoprotein fractions, and albumin preservation in diabetic animals trained with elevated concentration of plasma BDNF. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that chronic exercise was able to elevate BDNF levels in plasma, which resulted directly in positive hypoglycemic activity in diabetic animals and a reduction of the metabolic syndrome associated with diabetes mellitus.

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Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Immunological Parameters in the Elderly Aged: Can Physical Activity Counteract the Effects of Aging?

Cited by 167 publications

References 156 publications

Lifestyle Exercise Attenuates Immunosenescence; Flow Cytometry Analysis

Lifestyle Exercise Attenuates Immunosenescence; Flow Cytometry Analysis

Clinical Significance of C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Trauma on Arrival

<p>Evaluation of Hypoglycemic Therapy Through Physical Exercise in n5STZ-Induced Diabetes Rats</p>

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