Effects of ACTH, β-Lipotropin, and Related Peptides on the Central Nervous System

Dunn, Adrian J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-7674-3_7

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…A number of studies suggest that pituitary and hypothalamic peptides (especially TRH and ACTH (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) ) may play an important role in behavioral adaptation to the environment and in learning, while other studies show that they also facilitate vestibular compensation [5,9,[25][26][27]. Other effects of TRH possibly related to adaptation include learning-and memory-enhancement [e.g., 28], effects on Purkinje cell activity [29], and facilitation of dendritic sprouting and/or synaptic efficacy because of its demonstrated influence on protein biosynthesis [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Exposure to Hypergravity Affects Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Levels in Rat Brainstem and Cerebellum

Daunton

Tang²,

Corcoran³

et al. 1998

Neurosignals

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In studies to determine the neurochemical mechanisms underlying adaptation to altered gravity we have investigated changes in neuropeptide levels in brainstem, cerebellum, hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex by radioimmunoassay. Fourteen days of hypergravity (hyperG) exposure resulted in significant increases in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) content of brainstem and cerebellum, but no changes in levels of other neuropeptides (β-endorphin, cholecystokinin, met-enkephalin, somatostatin, and substance P) examined in these areas were found, nor were TRH levels significantly changed in any other brain regions investigated. The increase in TRH in brainstem and cerebellum was not seen in animals exposed only to the rotational component of centrifugation, suggesting that this increase was elicited by the alteration in the gravitational environment. The only other neuropeptide affected by chronic hyperG exposure was met-enkephalin, which was significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex. However, this alteration in met-enkephalin was found in both hyperG and rotation control animals and thus may be due to the rotational rather than the hyperG component of centrifugation. Thus it does not appear as if there is a generalized neuropeptide response to chronic hyperG following 2 weeks of exposure. Rather, there is an increase only of TRH and that occurs only in areas of the brain known to be heavily involved with vestibular inputs and motor control (both voluntary and autonomic). These results suggest that TRH may play a role in adaptation to altered gravity as it does in adaptation to altered vestibular input following labyrinthectomy, and in cerebellar and vestibular control of locomotion, as seen in studies of ataxia.

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