Effects of acetone extract of Cola nitida on brain sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity and spatial memory in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic female Wistar rats

Abstract

Background This study was carried out to investigate the effects of acetone extract of Cola nitida on brain Na+/K+-ATPase activity and spatial memory of healthy and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic female Wistar rats. Methods Forty-two female Wistar rats were used for this study and were randomly distributed into six groups (n=7). Rats in group 1 were used as control and were administered normal saline; group 2 rats were healthy rats administered 50 mg/kg of kola nut extract per day; group 3 rats were healthy rats administered 100 mg/kg of kola nut extract per day; group 4 rats were a diabetic group also administered normal saline; group 5 rats were diabetic rats administered 50 mg/kg of kola nut extract per day; and group 6 rats were diabetic rats administered 100 mg/kg of kola nut extract per day. Diabetes was induced with 50 mg/kg of STZ. After 3 weeks of administration, the spatial memories of the rats were tested using the Y-maze, followed by assay of Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Results The result shows a significant increase in Na+/K+-ATPase activity of diabetic treated groups (5 and 6) when compared with the diabetic group (4) and a significant increase in Na+/K+-ATPase activity of healthy treated groups (2 and 3) when compared with control. Also, there was a significant increase in spatial memory of the diabetic treated groups when compared with diabetic group. Conclusions This study revealed that kola nut extract has restorative effect on brain Na+/K+-ATPase activities and spatial memory of STZ-induced diabetic female Wistar rats.

Review of the Effect of Natural Compounds and Extracts on Neurodegeneration in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus

“…Similar outcomes have been reported when Hedera nepalensis extract is administered to STZ-aluminium trichloride rat model [176]. Likewise, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract [177], kola nut extract [178] or Garcinia kola seeds [155] also improve cognitive impairment in diabetic rat models. Andrographis paniculata extract, enriched in andrographolide, improves cognitive function in STZ-treated rats and the effect seems to be mediated by reducing oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity [175].…”

Medicinal plants for diabetes associated neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review of preclinical studies

“…Imam‐Fulani et al (2018) during a study on diabetic rats shows that treatment with acetone extract of C. nitida causes increase of the Na + /K + ‐ATPase activity in the brain and after that the enhancement of memory. The results obtained are based on Y‐maze test (Imam‐Fulani et al, 2018). Brain Na + /K + ‐ATPase is one of the important pathway that protect brain from neurodegenerative disease like diabetes (de Lores Arnaiz & Ordieres, 2014).…”