Effects of Acetate on Lipid Metabolism in Muscles and Adipose Tissues of Type 2 Diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) Rats

Abstract

We have reported that orally administrated acetate contributed to suppression of lipogenesis in the liver and to reduction of lipid accumulation in the adipose tissue of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acetate on skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. Treatment with acetate showed a higher rate of oxygen consumption and a smaller size of lipid droplets in white adipose and brown adipose tissues. An analysis by Northern blotting revealed that the transcripts of myoglobin and Glut4 genes in the abdominal muscle of the OLETF rats were increased by acetate treatment, while the transcripts of lipolytic genes increased in the white adipose and brown adipose tissues. It is possible that acetate has effects on lipid metabolism in the skeletal muscles and the adipose tissues, and has functions that work against obesity and obesity-linked type 2 diabetes.

Colonic infusions of short-chain fatty acid mixtures promote energy metabolism in overweight/obese men: a randomized crossover trial

“…Along the same line, Yashamita et al . 29 found that intragastric injections of acetate reduced body weight and improved glucose homeostasis in obese rats via an increase in fat oxidation mediated by an increased AMPK activity in the skeletal muscle 29 . However, whether an AMPK-mediated enhanced oxidative metabolism and the mobilization of intracellular lipids in peripheral tissue underlie the present findings in human remains to be established.…”

Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity

“…In obese rats, 6 months of acetate injections (5.2 mg/kg of body weight) improved expression of genes involved in oxidative and glucose metab olism (such as, Mb [which encodes myoglobin] and the glucose transporter Glut4) and increased muscle adeno sine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in skeletal muscle. 162 Dietary acetate supple mentation for 6 days in rats increased glycogen storage and decreased glycolysis in the gastro cnemius muscle compared with chow-fed rats. 163 In diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice, 16 weeks of a sodium butyrate enriched high-fat diet increased the proportion of type 1 oxidative muscle fibres and PPARδ expression, which resulted in enhanced mitochondrial fat oxidation compared with control mice on a high-fat diet.…”

The gut microbiota in human energy homeostasis and obesity

“…Collectively, these data would suggest that acetate, because it has little effect on activity or energy intake, exerts its actions primarily via effects on energy harvest and/or basal thermogenesis (as evidenced by increased oxygen consumption in rats given oral acetate [79]), whereas butyrate and propionate have more direct effects on feeding behavior and physical activity.…”