Effects of acepromazine maleate or morphine on tear production before, during, and after sevoflurane anesthesia in dogs

Mouney, Meredith C; Accola, Peter J; Cremer, Jeannette; Shepard, Molly; Guarin, Carolina Rodriguez; Hofmeister, Erik H.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.72.11.1427

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…As reported by other authors, morphine and sevoflurane do not reduce tear production (Mouney and others 2011). Costa and others (2015) showed a significant diminution of STT-1 followed by a single intravenous injection of alfaxalone that was recovered after 30 minutes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Effects of morphine‐alfaxalone‐midazolam premedication, alfaxalone induction and sevoflurane maintenance on intraocular pressure and tear production in dogs

et al. 2017

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Intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear production are commonly affected by general anaesthesia. It is necessary to have a good control of both to guarantee successful ophthalmic surgery. The purpose of this research was to evaluate if the protocol based on the administration of morphine-alfaxalone-midazolam as premedication, alfaxalone as induction and sevoflurane as maintenance, can induce changes on IOP and Schirmer's tear test (STT-1) in healthy dogs. Twenty-two adult mixed-breed dogs scheduled for an ovariohysterectomy were enrolled for the study. IOP and STT-1 were registered at baseline (T), 5 minutes (T), 10 minutes (T) and 15 minutes (T) after premedication with a morphine-alfaxalone-midazolam combination; 5 minutes (T) after induction with alfaxalone and 15 minutes (T) and 25 minutes (T) after maintenance with sevoflurane. A one-way analysis of variance was performed to analyse the difference between IOP and STT-1 over time, respectively. The present study shows a slightly statistically significant increase in IOP (P<0.05) after premedication, induction and maintenance that can be associated with this anaesthetic protocol. STT-1 showed a statistically significant reduction during all the procedures (P<0.001). These results should be taken into consideration, especially in dogs with damaged corneas, in those predisposed to glaucoma and in those due to undergo intraocular surgery. Ocular lubrication is necessary if this protocol is used.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…During general anaesthesia there is a decrease in both basal and reflex tear production (Mouney and others 2011). It has been suggested that the reduction of reflex tear formation during anaesthesia may be due to the depression of autonomical pathways responsible for the production of tears.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of morphine‐alfaxalone‐midazolam premedication, alfaxalone induction and sevoflurane maintenance on intraocular pressure and tear production in dogs

et al. 2017

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“…Admitese que o uso isolado do butorfanol produz leve diminuição na produção lacrimal de cães e que, apenas quando combinado à xilazina, o agente é capaz de reduzir significativamente os valores do TLS-1 nessa espécie (DODAM et al, 1998). Em outro estudo realizado em cães, observou-se que a produção lacrimal diminuiu significativamente após a administração intramuscular de 1mg kg -1 de morfina, quando comparada aos valores basais e ao grupo placebo (MOUNEY et al, 2011). Frente aos resultados aqui apresentados, sugere-se que cães portadores de ceratoconjuntivite seca sejam tratados/pré-medicados com tramadol ao invés de morfina ou butorfanol em casos de cirurgia ou no tratamento da dor.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A principal causa da CCS é imunomediada, mas a administração de fármacos anti-inflamatórios, sulfonamidas, atropina e anestésicos voláteis reduzem ou até mesmo interrompem a produção lacrimal de maneira irreversível (RIBEIRO et al, 2008). Admitese que agentes opioides possam reduzir a produção lacrimal transitoriamente em cães saudáveis (SANCHEZ et al, 2006;MOUNEY et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure, and pupil size in dogs: clinical study

et al. 2015

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive 4mg kg-1 (n=11) and 6mg kg-1 (n=11) of tramadol hydrochloride intramuscularly. Tear production (Schirmer tear test, STT-1), IOP (applanation tonometry) and the PD (electronic pachymetry) were assessed before, 30 and 60 minutes after administration of tramadol. Data were compared by analysis of variance for repeated measures (P<0.05). Parameters evaluated before, at 30 and 60min, in dogs treated with 4 and 6mg kg-1, were respectively: (STT-1) 22.50±3.38, 21.14±3.94 and 21.09±2.99mm min-1; and 23.05±3.73,22.64±3.76 and 22.82±3.25mm min-1. (IOP) 18.14±2.68, 17.68±2.59 and 18.23±3.84mmHg; and 19.05±2.27, 18.91±2.74 and 17.64±2.34mmHg. (PD) 6.71±0.65, 7.22±1.42 and 6.90±1.39mm; and 6.25±1.08, 6.80±1.27 and 6.49±0.90mm. All parameters evaluated did not change significantly among time points and dose regimen. Based on the conditions under which the experiments were conducted, tramadol did not affect tear production, IOP and PD in dogs, and could be used as a preoperative analgesic for intraocular surgery and pain control for any cause in patients affected by uveitis, glaucoma and keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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“…General anesthesia with sevoflurane after morphine, acepromazine, as well as after no premedication also reduced tear production during anesthesia. 8 Tear production was decreased in cats after acepromazine and xylazine sedation. 9 In cases of unilateral surgery, the unaffected eye should be protected and treated with a topical artificial tear ointment.…”

Section: Tear Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmic Disease

Lerche

2014

Canine and Feline Anesthesia and Co‐Existing Disease

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Effects of acepromazine maleate or morphine on tear production before, during, and after sevoflurane anesthesia in dogs

Abstract: Aqueous tear production after anesthesia did not differ significantly from baseline values after any treatment following 30 minutes of sevoflurane anesthesia, suggesting premedication with morphine or acepromazine does not contribute to a decrease in lacrimation in these circumstances.

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of morphine‐alfaxalone‐midazolam premedication, alfaxalone induction and sevoflurane maintenance on intraocular pressure and tear production in dogs

Effects of morphine‐alfaxalone‐midazolam premedication, alfaxalone induction and sevoflurane maintenance on intraocular pressure and tear production in dogs

Effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure, and pupil size in dogs: clinical study

Ophthalmic Disease

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