Effects of Abscisic Acid, Gibberellin, Ethylene and Their Interactions on Production of Phenolic Acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Hairy Roots

Abstract

Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal plants because of its excellent performance in treating coronary heart disease. Phenolic acids mainly including caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B are a group of active ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza. Abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA) and ethylene are three important phytohormones. In this study, effects of the three phytohormones and their interactions on phenolic production in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots were investigated. The results showed that ABA, GA and ethylene were all effective to induce production of phenolic acids and increase activities of PAL and TAT in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Effects of phytohormones were reversed by their biosynthetic inhibitors. Antagonistic actions between the three phytohormones played important roles in the biosynthesis of phenolic acids. GA signaling is necessary for ABA and ethylene-induced phenolic production. Yet, ABA and ethylene signaling is probably not necessary for GA3-induced phenolic production. The complex interactions of phytohormones help us reveal regulation mechanism of secondary metabolism and scale-up production of active ingredients in plants.

Effects of glucose and gibberellic acid on glucosinolate content and antioxidant properties of Chinese kale sprouts

“…Anthocyanins, a vital kind of natural pigments belonging to the phenolic compounds, are known to protect (Castañeda-Ovando et al, 2009). Liang et al (2013) reported that GA 3 is effective in inducing phenolic production in salvia miltiorrhiza bunge hairy roots, and Loreti et al (2008) demonstrated that GA 3 has a counteractive effect on sucroseinduced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. In this study, we found that the total phenolic content of Chinese kale is elevated when treated by glucose and GA 3 together, while no remarkable difference in anthocyanin content was observed (Table 2).…”

Reactive oxygen species and hormone signaling cascades in endophytic bacterium induced essential oil accumulation in Atractylodes lancea

“…In Arabidopsis thaliana, H 2 O 2 can directly increase the expression of ET biosynthetic genes (Vandenabeele et al 2003). ET is commonly thought to be associated with plant senescence (Liang et al 2013); however, ET has been shown to increase the biosynthesis of ABA by enhancing the activity of 9 0 -cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase in Galium aparine (Hansen and Grossmann 2000). ABA commonly participates in the physiological regulation of seed germination and stomata closure in planta (Wang et al 2015b).…”

Promotion of phenolic compounds production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots by six strains of rhizosphere bacteria

“…Meanwhile, the results showed that all six strains were able to increase the contents of RA and SAB in the hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza . The increase rate of phenolic acids production induced by strain LNHR13 (the best strain) was less significantly than that by some signal molecules, such as ethylene and SA , whereas better than other elicitors, such as heavy metal salts (Ag + ) , nonionic surfactants (Tween 20 and Triton X‐100) and yeast extract . Above all, the evidence about phenolic acids content promoted by biotic elicitors is rarely available, and even most of the biotic elicitors (both live microbes and constituents of microbial cells) inhibit the biosynthesis of phenolic acids .…”