Effects of abomasal infusion of tallow or camelina oil on responses to glucose and insulin in dairy cows during late pregnancy

Salin, Siru; Taponen, Juhani; Elo, Kari; Simpura, I.; Vanhatalo, Aila; Boston, Ray; Kokkonen, Tuomo

doi:10.3168/jds.2011-5206

Cited by 33 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…As expected, cows with high BCS and BFT had also higher concentrations of circulating NEFA during the weeks preceding HEC tests, indicating precalving mobilization of body fat (Grummer, 1993;Kokkonen et al, 2005). High levels of circulating NEFA are known to negatively affect the effect of insulin at the level of the glucose and FA metabolism, as demonstrated experimentally in dairy cows by intravenous infusion of tallow emulsion (Pires et al, 2007;Salin et al, 2012) and by prolonged fasting (Oikawa and Oetzel, 2006), whereas in early lactation NEFA level is negatively associated with glucose decrease after insulin injection (Kerestes et al, 2009). Similarly, in the present research, impaired insulin action at the level of the glucose metabolism (EC50 glucose and max glucose ) and the FA metabolism (min NEFA ) was associated with high levels of NEFA in the weeks preceding the HEC test.…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

Insulin response of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism in dry dairy cows across a range of body condition scores

Koster

Hostens

Eetvelde

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of the present research was to determine the insulin response of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism in dry dairy cows with a variable body condition score (BCS). Ten pregnant Holstein Friesian dairy cows (upcoming parity 2 to 5) were selected based on BCS at the beginning of the study (2mo before expected parturition date). During the study, animals were monitored weekly for BCS and backfat thickness and in the last 2wk, blood samples were taken for determination of serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration. Animals underwent a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test in the third week before the expected parturition date. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test consisted of 4 consecutive insulin infusions with increasing insulin doses: 0.1, 0.5, 2, and 5mIU/kg per minute. For each insulin infusion period, a steady state was defined as a period of 30min where no or minor changes of the glucose infusion were necessary to keep the blood glucose concentration constant and near basal levels. During the steady state, the glucose infusion rate [steady state glucose infusion rate (SSGIR) in µmol/kg per minute] and NEFA concentration [steady state NEFA concentration (SSNEFA) in mmol/L] were determined and reflect the insulin response of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Dose response curves were created based on the insulin concentrations during the steady state and the SSGIR or SSNEFA. The shape of the dose response curves is determined by the concentration of insulin needed to elicit the half maximal effect (EC50) and the maximal SSGIR or the minimal SSNEFA for the glucose or fatty acid metabolism, respectively. The maximal SSGIR was negatively associated with variables reflecting adiposity of the cows (BCS, backfat thickness, NEFA concentration during the dry period, and absolute weight of the different adipose depots determined after euthanasia and dissection of the different depots), whereas the EC50 of the glucose metabolism was positively associated with these variables. These results reflect a decreased insulin sensitivity and a decreased insulin responsiveness of the glucose metabolism in overconditioned dry dairy cows. The minimal SSNEFA and the EC50 of the fatty acid metabolism were not associated with variables reflecting adiposity of the cows, meaning that the insulin response of the fatty acid metabolism was not associated with the level of fat accumulation in dry dairy cows. Additionally, within individual cows, the EC50 of the glucose metabolism was higher than the EC50 of the fatty acid metabolism, meaning that the response of the fatty acid metabolism occurs at lower insulin concentrations compared with the response of the glucose metabolism. It can be concluded that a negative association exists between the level of fat accumulation in pregnant dairy cows at the end of the dry period and the insulin response of the glucose metabolism.

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mentioning

confidence: 57%

Insulin response of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism in dry dairy cows across a range of body condition scores

Koster

Hostens

Eetvelde

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The protocol of blood sampling and methods of analyzing blood BHBA and glucagon has been described in Selim et al (2014). Plasma insulin, NEFA, and glucose were measured using the methods described by Salin et al (2012). Intra-and interassay coefficients of variation (CV) for glucose measurement were 1.93 and 1.93%, respectively.…”

Section: Body and Blood Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples of each concentrate (cereal concentrate, rapeseed meal, and protein supplement) were pooled to form a 2-mo sample for chemical analyses. Contents of DM, OM, CP, and NDF in the feeds and in vitro OM digestibility of forages were determined using methods described by Salin et al (2012). The ME contents of forages were calculated based on the concentration of digestible OM in feed DM (D-3 value; LUKE, 2015).…”

Section: Animals Diets and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of prepartal ad libitum feeding of grass silage on transcriptional adaptations of the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue in dairy cows during the periparturient period

Selim

Kokkonen

Taponen

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Prepartal energy overfeeding may predispose cows to a state of increased insulin resistance with greater lipolysis after parturition. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of prepartal overfeeding in terms of abundant grass silage ration on the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) gene expression around parturition. Sixteen multiparous Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows were fed ad libitum either grass silage [high energy, HE; 144 MJ/d of metabolizable energy (ME) intake, n=8] or a mixture of grass silage, wheat straw, and rapeseed meal [55:40:5 (CON), 109 MJ/d of ME, n=8] during the dry period (58.2±4.89 d, mean ± standard deviation). Tissue biopsies and blood samples were collected at -14 (±4.98), 1, and 7 d relative to the actual parturition date. The HE cows had greater total dry matter intake, ME intake, and ME balance during the dry period than the CON cows. Compared with CON, the increases in body weight and body condition score were greater in HE during the dry period. Milk yield during the first 2 wk of lactation was not different between the groups. Plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, glucagon, and β-hydroxybutyrate did not differ between the groups during the transition period. Dietary treatment did not affect hepatic triglyceride content; however, a delayed increase in hepatic total lipid content was observed in the HE cows at d 1 postpartum. Hepatic cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 mRNA expression was lower in HE than in CON at d 1 and 7 postpartum. Adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA abundance tended to be lower in SAT of HE than CON. Lower lipoprotein lipase, leptin, and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase mRNA abundances were observed at d 7 postpartum in SAT of the HE cows compared with the CON cows. We concluded that prepartal ad libitum feeding of grass silage may decrease insulin sensitivity and lipogenesis in SAT during peripartal period and may attenuate the increase of hepatic gluconeogenic capacity from propionate compared with a controlled-energy diet.

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“…On the other word, more insulin responsiveness of LS-fed cows may partially attributed to improved energy balance and lower body fat mobilization (Pires et al, 2008). In addition, it has been reported that abomasal infusion of n-3 FA sources such as camelina and linseed oil were effective in altering insulin responsiveness and consequently decrease the level of plasma NEFA (Pires et al, 2008;Salin et al, 2012). To the best of our knowledge, no experiments have been published examining the roles that extruded oil seeds such as linseed and soybean, as the most available sources of n-3 and n-6 FA in ruminant feeding, respectively, play during the transition period in dairy cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Supplementation of herbal plants differently modulated metabolic profile, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress in transition dairy cows fed various extruded oil seeds

Hashemzadeh

Ghorbani

Khorvash

et al. 2015

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Effects of abomasal infusion of tallow or camelina oil on responses to glucose and insulin in dairy cows during late pregnancy

Cited by 33 publications

References 60 publications

Insulin response of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism in dry dairy cows across a range of body condition scores

Insulin response of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism in dry dairy cows across a range of body condition scores

Effect of prepartal ad libitum feeding of grass silage on transcriptional adaptations of the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue in dairy cows during the periparturient period

Supplementation of herbal plants differently modulated metabolic profile, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress in transition dairy cows fed various extruded oil seeds

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