Effects of abiotic factors on the osmotic response of alginate-formulated entomopathogenic nematode, <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> (Nematoda: Rhabditida)

Kary, Naser Eivazian; Chahardoli, Samira; Mohammadi, Davoud; Dillon, Aoife B.

doi:10.1080/09583157.2018.1479731

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Chen and Glazer (2005) were the first to propose that these problems can be readily solved by inducing EPN quiescence with the addition of glycerol to the solution before encapsulation. The efficacy of this method, which we adopted for the current study, was recently validated by Kary et al (2017Kary et al ( , 2018, who also confirmed that EPN quiescence can be simply broken by diluting the glycerol with water. Here, we explored a novel way of making alginate beads that can contain large numbers of EPN and that can be mass-produced at low cost.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Alginate hydrogels also show promise for EPN formulation as they provide protection from desiccation, UV light and natural enemies. Several reports describe Ca 2+ -alginate-based EPN formulations (Hiltpold et al 2012;Kaya et al 1987;Kaya and Nelsen 1985;Kim et al 2015;Navon et al 1998Navon et al , 2002Renn 1995), but further improvements are needed to ensure EPN viability and infectivity and to control the release of the nematodes (Kary et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium-alginate beads as a formulation for the application of entomopathogenic nematodes to control rootworms

et al. 2021

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) have great potential as biological control agents against root-feeding insects. They have a rapid and long-lasting mode of action, minimal adverse effects on the environment and can be readily mass-produced. However, they have a relatively short shelf-life and are susceptible to desiccation and UV light. These shortcomings may be overcome by encapsulating EPN in Ca2+-alginate hydrogels, which have been shown to provide a humid and UV protective shelter. Yet, current Ca2+-alginate formulations do not keep EPN vigorous and infectious for a prolonged period of time and do not allow for their controlled release upon application. Here, we introduce solid Ca2+-alginate beads which we supplemented with glycerol to better retain the EPN during storage and to ensure a steady release when applied in soil. Glycerol-induced metabolic arrest in EPN (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) resulting in quiescence and total retainment of EPN when added to beads made with 0.5% sodium alginate and 2% CaCl2·2H2O solutions. More than 4,000 EPN could be embedded in a single 4–5-mm diameter bead, and quiescence could be broken by adding water, after which the EPN readily emerged from the beads. In a field trial, the EPN beads were as effective in reducing root damage by the western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) as EPN that were applied in water. Although further improvements are desirable, we conclude that Ca2+-alginate beads can provide an effective and practical way to apply EPN for the control of WCR larvae.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium-alginate beads as a formulation for the application of entomopathogenic nematodes to control rootworms

et al. 2021

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“…After three months of storage at 8°C and 25°C, the survival rate of 1,500 IJs glycerol dehydrated Steinernema carpocapsae (SH1) formulated in alginate granules was approximately 30% (Kary et al, 2016). Hiltpold et al (2012) reported that Hb Poinar nematodes escape from alginate capsules stored at room temperature (25°C) and are able to kill Galleria mellonella larvae in 1 to 6 d. Recently, Kary et al (2018) reported the survival of glycerol dehydrated Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (NIR1) formulated in sodium ABs stored at 25°C; in two months, their SR was 40% and minor to 10% in the third month. Non-published data on the formulation of Steinernema glaseri IJs in ABs to compare were found in the databases of Web of Science ® .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Formulated in Sodium Alginate Beads

Ruiz-Vega

Cortés-Martínez

García-Gutiérrez

2018

Journal of Nematology

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An alternative control method to the use of chemical insecticides against soil dwelling insect pests is the application of entomopathogenic nematodes formulated in alginate beads for enhanced shelf life. The aim was to compare the benefit on nematode survival and infectivity of: (i) pre-conditioning of juveniles, and (ii) coating of alginate beads. The nematodes Steinernema glaseri, Steinernema carpocapsae, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were reproduced in last instar larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella and the infective juveniles emerged were subjected to two capture treatments: white traps and plaster of Paris, the latter was utilized as a pre-conditioning treatment. A total of 1,000 infective juveniles were formulated in each sodium alginate bead with or without an alginate coating. The beads were stored at 23 ± 3°C and a bidistilled water suspension of nematodes was set as a control. The survivorship of these formulates and their infectivity on Galleria mellonella larvae were evaluated every 7 d post-formulation (dpf). In beads without pre-conditioning juveniles nor coating, Steinernema carpocapsae had the higher survival rate (58.8%), the longest survival time (28 dpf) and the higher infectivity (100%) as well. Pre-conditioning improved the survival and infectivity of Steinernema glaseri by 22.5% at 21 dpf and 70.0% at 14 dpf, respectively. Alginate coating increased survival (21.7%) and infectivity (95%) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for up to 28 dpf. The combination of pre-conditioning and coating slightly favored the survival (10% for up to 14 dpf) of Steinernema glaseri and infectivity (100% for up to 35 dpf) of Steinernema carpocapsae. Non pre-conditioned Steinernema carpocapsae formulated in uncoated beads was the combination with better performance in survivorship (58.8%) and infectivity (100%) at 28 dpf. It was concluded that non pre-conditioned Steinernema carpocapsae formulated in uncoated beads was the combination with better survivorship and infectivity.

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Long-term storage does not affect the infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes on insect hosts

Lalitha

Nithya

Bharathi

et al. 2022

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Effects of abiotic factors on the osmotic response of alginate-formulated entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda: Rhabditida)

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Calcium-alginate beads as a formulation for the application of entomopathogenic nematodes to control rootworms

Calcium-alginate beads as a formulation for the application of entomopathogenic nematodes to control rootworms

Survival and Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Formulated in Sodium Alginate Beads

Long-term storage does not affect the infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes on insect hosts

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