“…For, in fact, there is an upward trend in the publication of studies on virtual reality, as evidenced by the many high-quality papers devoted to the effectiveness of virtual reality in enhancing student engagement (Li et al, 2022;Riner et al, 2022;Y. Song et al, 2023), motivation (H.-L. Chen & Liao, 2022;Liu et al, 2022;Ozdemir & Ozturk, 2022), and learning outcomes (Banjo-Ogunnowo & Chisholm, 2022;C.-H. Chen et al, 2021;Yamaguchi et al, 2022) recently published in credible journals. This is also supported by quite a number of emerging systematic studies on the use of virtual environments for enhancing the learning experience of students across different education levels and subjects (Coban et al, 2022;Ding & Li, 2022;Long et al, 2023;Luo et al, 2021;Putranto et al, 2023;Villena-Taranilla et al, 2022).…”