Effects of a Very Low-Fat, Vegan Diet in Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis

McDougall, Jean A.; Bruce, Bonnie; Spiller, Gene A.; Westerdahl, John; McDougall, Mary P.

doi:10.1089/107555302753507195

Cited by 89 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Using the vegan diet, a decrease of RA activity (Peltonen at al. 1997) and reduction of the subjective symptoms were observed (McDougall et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Treatment of adjuvant-induced arthritis with the combination of methotrexate and probiotic bacteria Escherichia coli O83 (Colinfant®)

et al. 2009

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A certain relationship was observed between the gastrointestinal system, arthritis and immune system. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an altered microflora composition and disturbed intestinal defensive barrier. Effect of probiotic bacteria (Colinfant; COL) with known favorable effect on intestinal microflora was determined on the methotrexate (MTX) treatment of adjuvant arthritis. Rats with adjuvant arthritis were administered methotrexate 0.5 mg/kg body mass 2-times weekly per os, COL 1 mL/kg body mass every second day per os, and a combination of MTX+COL for a period of 28 d from the immunization. Levels of serum albumin, body mass, changes in hind paw swelling, and arthrogram score were estimated in rats as variables of inflammation and destructive arthritis-associated changes. Treatment with MTX, as well as with the combination treatment with MTX+COL significantly inhibited both inflammation and destructive arthritis-associated changes. The combination treatment inhibited both the hind paw swelling and arthrogram score more remarkably than MTX alone; on the other hand, the difference between combination treatment and MTX alone was not significant. Treatment with COL alone had no effect on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Colinfant can increase the preventive effect of MTX treatment in rat adjuvant arthritis by improving its antiarthritic effects.

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“…Using the vegan diet, a decrease of RA activity (Peltonen at al. 1997) and reduction of the subjective symptoms were observed (McDougall et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Treatment of adjuvant-induced arthritis with the combination of methotrexate and probiotic bacteria Escherichia coli O83 (Colinfant®)

et al. 2009

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“…Different types of vegetarian diets are the diets most commonly studied in connection with RA (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). However, several of the studies conducted have been of short duration (18,21,24).…”

Section: Specific Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several of the studies conducted have been of short duration (18,21,24). Some of the studies also lacked control groups (19,24) or were controlled but not randomized (16).…”

Section: Specific Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several of the studies conducted have been of short duration (18,21,24). Some of the studies also lacked control groups (19,24) or were controlled but not randomized (16). Already in the late 1970s Sköldstam and colleagues (17) carried out the first 13 randomized controlled study in which fasting followed by a lactovegetarian diet was tested.…”

Section: Specific Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediterranean dietary intervention study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Hagfors

2005

Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition

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Case control studies have shown that a high consumption of fish, olive oil, and cooked vegetables is associated with a decreased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These foods have a central position in the traditional Cretan Mediterranean diet, and it has been suggested that dietary factors contribute to the low prevalence of RA in Mediterranean countries. The overall aim of this thesis was to examine whether a modified Cretan Mediterranean diet can reduce signs and symptoms of RA. This was investigated in a three-month dietary intervention trial in which 51 patients with well controlled, although active RA of at least two years duration took part. A further aim was to study the compliance with the experimental and control diets used in the study, and to validate the diet history interview method used to assess the dietary intake. The validation was carried out by means of biological markers of dietary intake.From baseline to the end of the study the group that had adopted the Cretan Mediterranean diet (MD group; n=26) obtained a reduction in disease activity, improved physical function, and improved vitality, while no changes was seen in the control diet group (CD group; n=25).According to the dietary assessments, the intake frequencies of antioxidant-rich food items increased in the MD group. This group also had a significantly higher intake of vitamin E, vitamin C and selenium compared to the CD group. Despite the reported increase in the consumption frequencies of antioxidant-rich foods, the plasma levels of carotenoids, vitamin C, lipid adjusted tocopherols, uric acid and urine malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, were unchanged at the end of the study. The plasma levels of retinol, vitamin C and uric acid were, however, correlated to indices of disease activity. Changes in the reported consumption of food groups with relevance to the fat intake were also observed in the MD group, including an increased intake of fish, shellfish and poultry, and a decreased intake of meat and high fat dairy products. As a result, the total fat intake was lower in the MD group compared to the CD group. Furthermore, in the MD group a slightly higher percentage of the energy intake was derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids and a lower percentage from saturated fatty acids. This group also had a lower ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids. A corresponding change in the relation between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids was also observed in s-phospholipids.The validation of the diet history interview method showed that the diet history interview could capture the dietary intake fairly well. The validity of the reported dietary intake did not differ between the MD and the CD group, which indicates that the dietary assessment was not biased by the dietary intervention.

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“…The positive alterations in intestine flora can be induced also by uncooked, lactobacilli-rich, vegan diet. Decrease of RA activity (Peltonen et al, 1997) or the subjective symptoms of the disease (McDougall et al, 2002) were observed in RA patients using the vegan diet. Kano et al (2002) have shown that oral intake of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effects of Enterococcus faecium and Selenium on Methotrexate Treatment in Rat Adjuvant‐induced Arthritis

Rovenský

Matha

et al. 2004

Journal of Immunology Research

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The effects of probiotic bacteria Enterococcus faecium (EF) and selenium were studied on methotrexate (MTX) treatment in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA).Arthritic rats were preventive treated orally with the following substances: lyophilized EF (15 mg/kg/day, 5 days a week); sodium selenite pentahydrate (SSe, 0.050 mg/kg containing 0.015 mg/kg selenium, 5 days a week); MTX (0.6 mg/kg/week), and their combinations for the period of 50 days from adjuvant application. Levels of serum albumin, serum nitrite/nitrate concentrations, hind paw swelling, arthrogram scores, whole body bone mineral density (BMD), and bone erosions were evaluated as markers of inflammation and destructive changes associated with arthritis.Long-term preventive treatment with low-dose MTX significantly inhibited the markers of both inflammation and arthritis. EF or SSe when administered singly or in combination had no significant effect on given parameters in arthritic rats. EF but not SSe potentiated the beneficial effects of MTX, which resulted in a more significant reduction of hind paw swelling, arthrogram scores and whole body BMD decrease. EF had a tendency to improve also the effect of MTX on serum albumin and nitrite/nitrate concentrations.Our results indicate that EF may increase the preventive effect of MTX treatment in rat AA by improving its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects.

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Effects of a Very Low-Fat, Vegan Diet in Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Cited by 89 publications

References 24 publications

Treatment of adjuvant-induced arthritis with the combination of methotrexate and probiotic bacteria Escherichia coli O83 (Colinfant®)

Treatment of adjuvant-induced arthritis with the combination of methotrexate and probiotic bacteria Escherichia coli O83 (Colinfant®)

Mediterranean dietary intervention study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The Effects of Enterococcus faecium and Selenium on Methotrexate Treatment in Rat Adjuvant‐induced Arthritis

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