Effects of a stress management course on grades and health of first-year medical students

Stress Management for Medical Students: A Systematic Review

“…Majority of the studies (i.e. 22 out of 23 studies) used non-random sampling method in selecting participants (Bughi et al, 2009;Finkelstein et al, 2007;Hassed et al, 2008;Hassed et al, 2009;Holtzworth-Munroe et al, 1985;Jain et al, 2007;Kelly et al, 1982;Kiecolt-Glaser et al, 1986;Klamen, 1997;Lee & Graham, 2001;MacLaughin et al, 2010;Michie & Sandhu, 1994;Nathan et al, 1987;Rosenzweig et al, 2003;Redwood & Polak, 2007;Simard & Henry, 2009;Shapiro et al, 1998;Soskis, 1978;Whitehouse et al, 1996;Yusoff, 2011;Zeitlin et al, 2000).…”

“…As shown in table 1, approximately 10 (43.48%) studies had no comparison groups (Bughi et al, 2009;Hassed et al, 2008;Hassed et al, 2009;Lee & Graham, 2001;Klamen, 1997;Redwood & Polak, 2007;Simard & Henry, 2009;;Soskis, 1978;Zeitlin et al, 2000;) and 13 (56.52%) studies had comparison groups (Finkelstein et al, 2007;Holtzworth-Munroe et al, 1985;Jain et al, 2007;Kelly et al, 1982;Kiecolt-Glaser et al, 1986;MacLaughin et al, 2010;Michie & Sandhu, 1994;Mitchell et al, 1983;Nathan et al, 1987;Rosenzweig et al, 2003;Shapiro et al, 1998;Whitehouse et al, 1996;Yusoff, 2011). Out of 13, about seven studies randomly assigned participants to control and intervention groups (Holtzworth-Munroe et al, 1985;Jain et al, 2007;Kiecolt-Glaser et al, 1986;Mitchell et al, 1983;Nathan et al, 1987;Shapiro et al, 1998;Whitehouse et al, 1996).…”

“…Out of 13, about seven studies randomly assigned participants to control and intervention groups (Holtzworth-Munroe et al, 1985;Jain et al, 2007;Kiecolt-Glaser et al, 1986;Mitchell et al, 1983;Nathan et al, 1987;Shapiro et al, 1998;Whitehouse et al, 1996). Out of the seven randomized control studies, only one study sampled their participants randomly (Mitchell et al, 1983).…”

“…Even more only two studies (Jain et al, 2007;Yusoff, 2011) clearly mentioned about sample size calculation for the intervention and comparison groups while the rest of studies had not mentioned about it. The longest follow up duration for measurement of outcomes was 12 months (Nathan et al, 1987) and the shortest follow up duration for measurement of outcomes was immediately right after the intervention completed (Klamen, 1997;Redwood & Polak, 2007;Soskis, 1978;Zeitlin et al, 2000). Four times: pre (1x) and post (3x) intervention Nathan et al (1987) and Whitehouse et al (1996).…”

“…Evaluation Questionnaire (11) Soskis (1978), Nathan et al (1987), Michie & Sandu (1994), Klamen (1997), Shapiro et al (1998), Lee & Graham (2001), Rosenzweig et al (2003), Redwood & Polak (2007), Hassed et al (2008), Simard & Henry (2009), . Interview (1) Soskis (1978).…”