Effects of a small dose of olanzapine on healthy subjects according to their schizotypy: An ERP study using a semantic categorization and an oddball task

Debruille, J. Bruno; Rodier, Mitchell; Prévost, Marie; Lionnet, Claire; Molavi, Siamak

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.06.005

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Together, these data suggest that persons with high schizotypy benefit from antipsychotic compounds similar to patients with schizophrenia, or at least tolerate them, whereas controls do not. Finally, an EEG study of the semantic processing of words (185) showed that anterior components of the increased N400 potential in high schizotypy were reduced through a one-off administration of the antipsychotic olanzapine. This effect resembles findings from schizophrenia research (186, 187) and suggests a dampening of increased salience in high schizotypy, as in low schizotypal subjects there was no such effect of olanzapine.…”

Section: Genetic Cognitive and Neurobiological Studies Of Schizotypmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics, Cognition, and Neurobiology of Schizotypal Personality: A Review of the Overlap with Schizophrenia

et al. 2014

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Schizotypy refers to a set of temporally stable traits that are observed in the general population and that resemble the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia. Here, we review evidence from studies on genetics, cognition, perception, motor and oculomotor control, brain structure, brain function, and psychopharmacology in schizotypy. We specifically focused on identifying areas of overlap between schizotypy and schizophrenia. Evidence was corroborated that significant overlap exists between the two, covering the behavioral brain structural and functional as well molecular levels. In particular, several studies showed that individuals with high levels of schizotypal traits exhibit alterations in neurocognitive task performance and underlying brain function similar to the deficits seen in patients with schizophrenia. Studies of brain structure have shown both volume reductions and increase in schizotypy, pointing to schizophrenia-like deficits as well as possible protective or compensatory mechanisms. Experimental pharmacological studies have shown that high levels of schizotypy are associated with (i) enhanced dopaminergic response in striatum following administration of amphetamine and (ii) improvement of cognitive performance following administration of antipsychotic compounds. Together, this body of work suggests that schizotypy shows overlap with schizophrenia across multiple behavioral and neurobiological domains, suggesting that the study of schizotypal traits may be useful in improving our understanding of the etiology of schizophrenia.

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Section: Genetic Cognitive and Neurobiological Studies Of Schizotypmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics, Cognition, and Neurobiology of Schizotypal Personality: A Review of the Overlap with Schizophrenia

et al. 2014

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“…Previous research has also suggested that that ERPs may be used Running head: ATTENTION MECHANISMS UNDERLYING SCHIZOTYPY 37 to study neurocognitive processes and distinguish individuals with high and low schizotypal traits in healthy populations (Debruille et al, 2013;Gassab et al, 2006;Kiang and Kutas, 2005;Prevost et al, 2010;Wan et al, 2006). …”

Section: Correlations Between Schizotypy Personality Traits and Erps mentioning

confidence: 99%

An electrophysiological insight into visual attention mechanisms underlying schizotypy

Fuggetta

Bennett

Duke

2015

Biological Psychology

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A theoretical framework has been put forward to understand attention deficits in schizophrenia (Luck SJ & Gold JM.. Biological Psychiatry. 2008; 64:34-39). We adopted this framework to evaluate any deficits in attentional processes in schizotypy. Sixteen low schizotypal (LoS) and 16 high schizotypal (HiS) individuals performed a novel paradigm combining a match-to-sample task, with inhibition of return (using spatially uninformative cues) and memory-guided efficient visual-search within one trial sequence. Behavioural measures and Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Behaviourally, HiS individuals exhibited a spatial cueing effect while LoS individuals showed the more typical inhibition of return effect. These results suggest HiS individuals have a relative deficit in rule selectionthe endogenous control process involved in disengaging attention from the uninformative location cue. ERP results showed that the late-phase of N2pc evoked by the target stimulus had greater peak latency and amplitude in HiS individuals. This suggests a relative deficit in the implementation of selection -the process of focusing attention onto target features that enhances relevant/suppresses irrelevant inputs. This is a different conclusion than when the same theoretical framework is applied to schizophrenia, which argues little or no deficit in implementation of selection amongst patients. Also, HiS individuals exhibited earlier onset and greater amplitude of the mismatch-triggered negativity component. In summary, our results indicate deficits of both control and implementation of selection in HiS individuals.

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“…Many of the latter studies have investigated the processing of words either pre-activated/predicted via (lexical-)semantic priming, contextual predictability or a combination of both. The specific kind of divergence differs across studies, depending on whether: (i) N400 and behavioral measures show incongruent effect directions across measures or incongruent effect sizes, particularly nil effects in one vs. the other measure (e.g., Holcomb and Kounios, 1990; Kounios and Holcomb, 1992; Holcomb, 1993; Chwilla et al, 2000; Kiefer, 2001; Rolke et al, 2001; Federmeier et al, 2010; Debruille et al, 2013; differences with eye movements: Dimigen et al, 2011; Kretzschmar et al, 2015; Degno et al, 2019); or (ii) behavioral effects have reflexes in a biphasic pattern of N400 and (partly) overlapping positivity (e.g., Roehm et al, 2007; Bakker et al, 2015; Meade and Coch, 2017). For instance, in a study on lexical and semantic-priming effects on the processing of newly-learned vs. existing words, Bakker et al (2015) found diverging effects of lexicality and semantic relatedness in response accuracy and ERPs elicited by target words in a word-list presentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed-Accuracy Tradeoffs in Brain and Behavior: Testing the Independence of P300 and N400 Related Processes in Behavioral Responses to Sentence Categorization

Alday

Kretzschmar

2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Although the N400 was originally discovered in a paradigm designed to elicit a P300 (Kutas and Hillyard, 1980 ), its relationship with the P300 and how both overlapping event-related potentials (ERPs) determine behavioral profiles is still elusive. Here we conducted an ERP ( N = 20) and a multiple-response speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) experiment ( N = 16) on distinct participant samples using an antonym paradigm ( The opposite of black is white/nice/yellow with acceptability judgment). We hypothesized that SAT profiles incorporate processes of task-related decision-making (P300) and stimulus-related expectation violation (N400). We replicated previous ERP results (Roehm et al., 2007 ): in the correct condition ( white ), the expected target elicits a P300, while both expectation violations engender an N400 [reduced for related ( yellow ) vs. unrelated targets ( nice )]. Using multivariate Bayesian mixed-effects models, we modeled the P300 and N400 responses simultaneously and found that correlation between residuals and subject-level random effects of each response window was minimal, suggesting that the components are largely independent. For the SAT data, we found that antonyms and unrelated targets had a similar slope (rate of increase in accuracy over time) and an asymptote at ceiling, while related targets showed both a lower slope and a lower asymptote, reaching only approximately 80% accuracy. Using a GLMM-based approach (Davidson and Martin, 2013 ), we modeled these dynamics using response time and condition as predictors. Replacing the predictor for condition with the averaged P300 and N400 amplitudes from the ERP experiment, we achieved identical model performance. We then examined the piecewise contribution of the P300 and N400 amplitudes with partial effects (see Hohenstein and Kliegl, 2015 ). Unsurprisingly, the P300 amplitude was the strongest contributor to the SAT-curve in the antonym condition and the N400 was the strongest contributor in the unrelated condition. In brief, this is the first demonstration of how overlapping ERP responses in one sample of participants predict behavioral SAT profiles of another sample. The P300 and N400 reflect two independent but interacting processes and the competition between these processes is reflected differently in behavioral parameters of speed and accuracy.

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Effects of a small dose of olanzapine on healthy subjects according to their schizotypy: An ERP study using a semantic categorization and an oddball task

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Genetics, Cognition, and Neurobiology of Schizotypal Personality: A Review of the Overlap with Schizophrenia

Genetics, Cognition, and Neurobiology of Schizotypal Personality: A Review of the Overlap with Schizophrenia

An electrophysiological insight into visual attention mechanisms underlying schizotypy

Speed-Accuracy Tradeoffs in Brain and Behavior: Testing the Independence of P300 and N400 Related Processes in Behavioral Responses to Sentence Categorization

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