Effects of a Protic Ionic Liquid on the Reaction Pathway during Non-Aqueous Sol–Gel Synthesis of Silica: A Raman Spectroscopic Investigation

Martinelli, Anna

doi:10.3390/ijms15046488

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Gels prepared at lower temperatures presented higher porosity [88]. Also application of IL into non-hydrolytic sol-gel process accelerates the consumption of TMOS, formic acid and methanol, catalyzing the solvolysis process [89,90].…”

Section: Colloids Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Applications of Ionic Liquids in the Sol-Gel Process for Polymer–Silica Nanocomposites with Ionic Interfaces

Donato

Matějka

Mauler

et al. 2017

Colloids and Interfaces

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Abstract:Understanding the organic-inorganic interphases of hybrid materials allows structure and properties control for obtaining new advanced materials. Lately, the use of ionic liquids (ILs) and poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) allowed structure control from the first sol-gel reaction steps due to their anisotropy and multiple bonding capacity. They also act as multifunctional compatibilizing agents that affect the interfacial interactions in a molecular structure-dependent manner. Thus, this review will explore the concepts and latest efforts to control silica morphology using processes such as the sol-gel, both in situ and ex situ of polymer matrices, pre-polymers or polymer precursors. It discusses how to control the polymer-filler interphase bonding, highlighting the last achievements in the interphase ionicity control and, consequently, how these affect the final nanocomposites providing materials with barrier, shape-memory and self-healing properties.

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Section: Colloids Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Applications of Ionic Liquids in the Sol-Gel Process for Polymer–Silica Nanocomposites with Ionic Interfaces

Donato

Matějka

Mauler

et al. 2017

Colloids and Interfaces

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“…Hence, the challenge of this approach consists in the optimization of the balance among stiffness, strength and toughness. 13,14 Various imidazolium-based IL have been used as catalysts for the sol-gel process, [15][16][17] silica morphology controllers 16,[18][19][20] and epoxy-silica compatibilizers. 7 Thus, the need of an effective method for producing highly dispersed filler, forming strong interphase bonding, is crucial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy–silica nanocomposite interphase control using task-specific ionic liquids via hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic sol–gel processes

et al. 2015

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Carboxylic-functionalyzed task-specific imidazolium ionic liquids (carboxylic-IL) presented selective high reactivities with epoxy-functionalized compounds, even in highly complex epoxy-silica nanocomposite systems. The carboxylic-IL induced the in situ covalent bonding with epoxy based materials and tuning the nanocomposites' filler-matrix interphase when applied either via hydrolytic or non-hydrolytic sol-gel process. Structural modifications in the carboxylic-IL allowed fine morphology control and promoted the formation of well dispersed silica nanodomains. This approach resulted in nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties, without negative effect on the glass transition temperature, for both rubbery and glassy epoxy-silica nanocomposite systems with a very small IL content (~0.2 wt.-%). The best properties were achieved with the application of IL 1-carboxypropyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, which produced toughness increase of more than 7 times for the rubbery and almost twice for the glassy epoxy systems, when compared to their ILfree equivalents. These easy and quick procedures to produce imidazolium functionalized materials have the potential to open a broad range of new conductive, responsive, smart and tune-reinforced materials. Fig. 9 Time dependent FTIR spectra of the reaction between PGE and C3H6CO2HMImCl. Curves represent measurements at 30 min, 1 h, 5 h, 24 h and 48 h. Scheme 1 Sumary of characteristics of the epoxy-silica formed via hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic sol-gel process in the presence of IL.Scheme 2 Schematic representation of the interphase compositions depending on the IL applied, based on a sequence of covalent and physical bonds.

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“…The resulting materials, with PIL concentrations X ranging from 5t o3 0% (for which X is the ratio of the mass of [BIm][TfO] perm ass of POE), display attractives tructural, thermal, and mechanical properties that have remained unchanged for four years after their initial synthesis. [47,48] In the near future we plan to develop analoguem aterials by using an on-hydrolytic sol-gel route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the near future we plan to develop analoguem aterials by using an on-hydrolytic sol-gel route. [47,48]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Di‐ureasil Hybrid Electrolytes Incorporating a New Proton Ionic Liquid

et al. 2016

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The protic ionic liquid (PIL) N‐butylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BIm][TfO]) was obtained for the first time and incorporated into a sol–gel‐derived di‐ureasil matrix with a concentration of X=5, 10, and 30 %, where X is the ratio of the mass of PIL per mass of poly(oxyethylene). Four years after their synthesis, the resulting quasi‐anhydrous electrolytes remained amorphous, homogeneous, flexible, and thermally stable below 200 °C. SEM/EDS data revealed the presence of the PIL at the surface of the xerogels with X>5 %, demonstrating that this type of morphological characterization is mandatory to avoid misleading ionic conductivity values. The highest ionic conductivity was produced in the washed sample with X=30 % (3.5×10−5 and 2.1×10−3 S cm−1 at 25 and 170 °C, respectively). The present family of electrolytes yielded higher conductivities than the N‐ethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate‐based analogues introduced earlier by our group and may thus be considered as promising candidates for applications in fuel cells.

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Effects of a Protic Ionic Liquid on the Reaction Pathway during Non-Aqueous Sol–Gel Synthesis of Silica: A Raman Spectroscopic Investigation

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Recent Applications of Ionic Liquids in the Sol-Gel Process for Polymer–Silica Nanocomposites with Ionic Interfaces

Recent Applications of Ionic Liquids in the Sol-Gel Process for Polymer–Silica Nanocomposites with Ionic Interfaces

Epoxy–silica nanocomposite interphase control using task-specific ionic liquids via hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic sol–gel processes

Di‐ureasil Hybrid Electrolytes Incorporating a New Proton Ionic Liquid

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