Effects of a pre‐moistened multilayered breathable fabric in promoting heat loss during recovery after exercise under hot conditions

Foreman, Jonathan H.; Gj, Benson; Foreman, M. H.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05558.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…At a HR of 60 bpm point in time, the mean T c was still 38.7 ± 0.5°C (range 38.0–39.3°C) while 8/12 trotters still measured a T c higher than 38.5°C. A post-exercise peak T re was earlier reported in a few other studies ( Hodgson et al, 1993 ; Kohn and Hinchcliff, 1995 ; Marlin et al, 1996 , 1998 ; Kohn et al, 1999 ; Foreman et al, 2006 ; Verdegaal et al, 2017 ) and supports the conclusion that it is necessary to continue monitoring racehorses during recovery. Based on our findings and coupled with those reported by previous studies, continuous monitoring of racehorses and sport horses for hyperthermia using the GI pill or T re during a period of rest for at least 60 min post-exercise is highly recommended.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Continuous Monitoring of the Thermoregulatory Response in Endurance Horses and Trotter Horses During Field Exercise: Baselining for Future Hot Weather Studies

et al. 2021

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Establishing proper policies regarding the recognition and prevention of equine heat stress becomes increasingly important, especially in the face of global warming. To assist this, a detailed view of the variability of equine thermoregulation during field exercise and recovery is essential. 13 endurance horses and 12 trotter horses were equipped with continuous monitoring devices [gastrointestinal (GI) pill, heartrate (HR) monitor, and global positioning system] and monitored under cool weather conditions during four endurance rides over a total of 80 km (40 km loops) and intense trotter track-based exercise over 1,540 m. Recordings included GI temperature (Tc), speed, HR and pre- and post-exercise blood values. A temperature time profile curve of Tc was constructed, and a net area under the curve was calculated using the trapezoidal method. Metabolic heat production and oxygen cost of transport were also calculated in endurance horses. Maximum Tc was compared using an independent samples t-test. Endurance horses (mean speed 14.1 ± 1.7 km h–1) reached mean maximum Tc (39.0 ± 0.4°C; 2 × 40 km in 8 horses) during exercise at 75% of completion of Tc exercise and Tc returned to baseline within 60 min into recovery. However, the mean Tc was still 38.8 ± 0.4°C at a HR of 60 bpm which currently governs “fit to continue” competition decisions. Trotters (40.0 ± 2.9 km h–1) reached a comparable mean max Tc (38.8 ± 0.5°C; 12 horses) always during recovery. In 30% of trotters, Tc was still >39°C at the end of recovery (40 ± 32 min). The study shows that horses are individuals and thermoregulation monitoring should reflect this, no matter what type of exercise is performed. Caution is advised when using HR cut-off values to monitor thermal welfare in horses since we have demonstrated how Tc can peak quite some time after finishing exercise. These findings have implications for training and management of performance horses to safeguard equine welfare and to maximize performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Continuous Monitoring of the Thermoregulatory Response in Endurance Horses and Trotter Horses During Field Exercise: Baselining for Future Hot Weather Studies

et al. 2021

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“…In contrast to the human and equine literature, the application of water-soaked towels as a cooling technique appears frequently in online first aid recommendations for cooling dogs with HRI [ 23 , 24 , 37 ]. However, the cooling effects from application of water-soaked towels have been shown to be less rapid than cold-water immersion in humans [ 9 ], and ineffective in horses [ 38 ]. Empirical research evaluating the effectiveness of wet towels for cooling dogs is lacking, but clinical review articles have suggested that wet towels should be applied only to less-haired regions, such as the abdomen or inner thigh, because covering the entire dog in a towel (even if wet) could restrict air movement around the dog and reduce the potential for additional heat loss via evaporation and convection [ 20 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Methods Used to Manage Heat-Related Illness in Dogs Presented to Primary Care Veterinary Practices during 2016–2018 in the UK

Hall,

Carter,

Bradbury

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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The management of heat-related illness (HRI) in dogs has received limited attention in the veterinary literature, especially regarding effective cooling methods. Guidelines published in 2016 for prehospital management of dogs with HRI advised “cool first, transport second”, and recommended using cold-water immersion and evaporative cooling (water application with air movement) as the optimal approaches to reduce the patient’s temperature. The current retrospective cross-sectional observation study analysed electronic patient records from the VetCompass programme to describe the cooling methods used in dogs with HRI presented to primary care veterinary practices during 2016–2018. Of 623 HRI events identified, 341 (54.74%, 95% CI 50.81–58.60%) included information on cooling in their clinical record. Of these, 74/341 (21.70%, 95% CI 17.65–26.38%) were cooled prior to transport for veterinary care. Overall, 23.97% (95% CI 19.24–29.44%) were cooled using one of the two recommended cooling methods, whilst the most common cooling method recorded was the application of wet towels (51.31%, 95% CI 45.34–57.24%). Canine cooling guidance and messaging in both the public and veterinary sectors requires urgent review to ensure that the most effective cooling methods are promoted because delays to canine temperature reduction worsen patient outcomes.

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“…Not only are owners of brachycephalic dogs more likely to recognize thermoregulation problems (brachycephalic dogs were also considered to have higher summer CAS), they also appear to be more likely to utilize cooling aids such as cooling coats to facilitate activity in summer. This is concerning, as there is a paucity of peer-reviewed evidence relating to the effectiveness of canine cooling coats, and similar cooling aids (moistened multilayer breathable fabric coats) have been found to be ineffective when used on exercising horses [ 49 ]. Continued use of ineffective cooling aids could inadvertently put more dogs at risk of HRI, if owners believe the use of such devices could mitigate hot weather that would otherwise prevent them from exercising their dog.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Owner Perceptions of the Impacts of Seasonal Weather Variations on Canine Activity and Potential Consequences for Human–Canine Relationships

Hall

Carter

Farnworth

2021

Animals

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Climate change is leading to more instances of seasonal weather variation. Studies have explored the impact of adverse winter weather on dog walking, but the impact on the dog’s overall activity levels have not been previously considered. This study explored dog owner perceptions of the effects of both summer and winter weather on their dog’s activity levels. An international online survey recruited 3153 respondents between May and December 2018, to explore the impact of summer and winter weather conditions on baseline activity levels. Owners reported their dogs were more impacted by cold (48.2% less likely to exercise their dog in the cold) and ice (64.0% less likely), than rain (25.3% were less likely). In hot weather, over 80% of owners reported reduced exercise duration and vigour for their dogs. Carrying water or walking near water to facilitate activity in the summer was the most popular mitigation strategy (90.8%). Participation in dog sports appeared to reduce the impact of winter weather on canine activity and increase owner awareness of cooling strategies to facilitate summer activity. Strategies to promote safe activity participation are needed to maintain canine activity levels amidst rising global temperatures, including better understanding of cooling strategies for exercising dogs.

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Effects of a pre‐moistened multilayered breathable fabric in promoting heat loss during recovery after exercise under hot conditions

Abstract: A specially-designed, pre-moistened multilayered breathable fabric failed to promote evaporative cooling compared to negative control. Cold water baths may need to be repeated throughout recovery to optimise their effect.

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Continuous Monitoring of the Thermoregulatory Response in Endurance Horses and Trotter Horses During Field Exercise: Baselining for Future Hot Weather Studies

Continuous Monitoring of the Thermoregulatory Response in Endurance Horses and Trotter Horses During Field Exercise: Baselining for Future Hot Weather Studies

Cooling Methods Used to Manage Heat-Related Illness in Dogs Presented to Primary Care Veterinary Practices during 2016–2018 in the UK

Exploring Owner Perceptions of the Impacts of Seasonal Weather Variations on Canine Activity and Potential Consequences for Human–Canine Relationships

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