Effects of a power line on migration and range use of wild reindeer

Reimers, Eigil; Dahle, Bjørn; Eftestøl, Sindre; Colman, Jonathan E.; Gaare, E.

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.08.034

Cited by 39 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Reimers & Colman 2006, Stankowich 2008. Based on aerial surveys of the distribution of reindeer and lichen measurements, Reimers et al (2007) reported that reindeer crossed underneath, and grazed under and on both sides, of a 66 KV power line transecting the range of wild reindeer in northern Ottadalen, Norway. However, a negative barrier effect is expected to be especially strong for progressive, cumulative effects from parallel roads and power lines and when expansive structures like WPs are concerned (see review by Vistnes & Nellemann 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies report negative effects of roads and power lines for reindeer or caribou Rangifer tarandus when dispersing from one side of these linear structures to the other (Vistnes & Nellemann 2008), others are vague in their statements about barrier effects (Dahle et al 2008), while some report lack of negative effects from these structures using indirect measurement on vegetation (e.g. Reimers et al 2007). To further clarify, we needed first to separate the animals' reduced use of areas close to the infrastructure, due to avoidance behaviour, from the role of the infrastructure in acting as a barrier in the landscape to hinder movement from one side to the other.…”

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Effects of Hunting on Response Behaviors of Wild Reindeer

et al. 2009

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Because wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are hunted in southern Norway, reindeer may perceive all recreationists as threats. Potential adverse effects of hunting on reindeer behavior may be exacerbated by other forms of recreation because the number of skiers and hikers in areas inhabited by reindeer has also increased. The Norefjell‐Reinsjøfjell wild reindeer area is used extensively for recreation and tourism. Reindeer hunting was introduced in the area in 1992, and harvest rate has been stable at about 38% of winter herd size. We recorded behavioral responses of reindeer to a person approaching directly on foot or skis during 1992 and again in 2002–2006. Compared to 1992, flight‐initiation distance increased and fewer groups assessed the observer before taking flight during 2002–2006. In winter, when reindeer are usually comparably more vigilant than in other seasons, flight‐initiation distance increased from only 60 m to 115 m and escape distance decreased from 400 m to 210 m. Neither alert distance, calf carcass weights (23.6 ± 0.7 [SE] kg to 22.4 ± 0.2 kg), nor reindeer herd size (661 ± 73 to 579 ± 15) changed during the 15 years of our study. Reindeer appeared to habituate to the observer because they initiated flight at shorter distances as the number of approaches on the same day increased. In Norefjell‐Reinsjøfjell, encounters with a person on foot or skis did not result in behavioral responses likely to entail substantial energy costs for reindeer; therefore, hunting at current levels appears compatible with other recreational activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Effects of Hunting on Response Behaviors of Wild Reindeer

et al. 2009

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“…However, some opposite results have also been reported. For example, Reimers et al (2007) observed that wild reindeer migration and grazing in North ottadalen, Norway, were not disturbed by power lines transecting their rangelands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Range Selection by Semi-Domesticated Reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus tarandus</i>) in Relation to Infrastructure and Human Activity in the Boreal Forest Environment, Northern Finland

Anttonen¹,

Kumpula²,

Colpaert³

2011

ARCTIC

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ABStRACt. During past decades, the amounts of infrastructure and human activity have increased in northern latitudes. Although the effects of human development on wild reindeer and caribou have been widely examined, its effects on semidomesticated reindeer and the reindeer herding environment are still poorly understood. We studied how seven different human activities (population centres, buildings, main roads, forest roads, snowmobile tracks, skiing trails, and gold digging areas) affect the range selection by semi-domesticated reindeer in northern Finnish lapland using GpS tracking data on 29 female reindeer. Data were analyzed using compositional analysis on two spatial scales (home range selection and within-home-range selection) and in three seasonal periods (early winter, late winter, and summer-autumn). Results showed that during winter, reindeer strongly avoided almost all studied human activities when selecting home range areas (for forest roads, the direction of the effect was unclear), but in summer and autumn, only some of those activities were important. Within the selected home range areas, pasture use by reindeer appears to be less sensitive to infrastructure and human activity, probably because reindeer were able to avoid these anthropogenic disturbances at the upper level of habitat selection. the size of the potential cumulative area affected by infrastructure varied seasonally between 27.5% and 39.0% of the study area when calculated on the basis of home range selection, and between 7.2% and 20.3% when calculated from within-home-range selection. the strongest avoidance of infrastructure was found in late winter on both scales of range selection, but weakest avoidance was in early winter for home range selection and in summer for within-home-range selection. Cumulative impacts of different human activities on the usability value of reindeer ranges should be taken into account when planning new land-use operations in the areas important for the reindeer herding.key words: Rangifer tarandus tarandus, semi-domesticated reindeer, reindeer herding, infrastructure, human activity, human disturbance, avoidance, compositional analysis, GpS tracking RÉSuMÉ. Au cours des dernières décennies, la quantité d'infrastructures et d'activités humaines s'est accrue dans les latitudes nordiques. Bien que les incidences du développement humain sur le renne sauvage et le caribou aient été examinées à grande échelle, ses incidences sur le renne semi-domestiqué et sur le domaine vital du renne sont toujours mal comprises. Nous avons étudié la manière dont sept activités humaines différentes (centres de population, bâtiments, routes principales, routes forestières, pistes de motoneige, pistes de ski et zones d'exploitation aurifère) exercent une influence sur la sélection du domaine du renne semi-domestiqué dans la partie finlandaise de la Laponie du nord à l'aide de données de poursuite obtenues au moyen d'un GpS apposé à 29 rennes femelles. les données ont été analysées au moyen d'une analyse compositionnelle fondé...

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“…Panzacchi et al (2013) Southern-Norway measurements (Reimers et al, 2007). Moose did not avoid moving towards central grid power lines except in certain habitats during autumn (Bartzke et al, in press).…”

Section: Nellemann Et Al (2003) South-western Norwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of power lines on ungulates and implications for power line routing and rights-of-way management

Bartzke¹,

May²,

Bevanger³

et al. 2014

Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv.

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Thousands of kilometres of power lines exist and more are planned. Ungulates that range over large areas are likely to encounter power lines, but a synthesis of power line effects on ungulates is lacking. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are suspected to avoid power lines up to distances of 4 km. In contrast, some forest ungulates preferentially forage in power line rights-of-way, cleared areas under power lines. We reviewed the factors that possibly influence avoidance and attraction effects of power lines on ungulates, construct a conceptual framework, and make suggestions on how to mitigate avoidance effects through power line routing and rights-of-way management. Power line construction, noise and electromagnetic fields are possible sources of disturbance, while rights-of-way management influences habitat use under power lines. Disturbance and altered habitat use can induce barrier and corridor effects, thereby influencing connectivity. Species-specific effects influence behavioural disturbance and habitat use. We found little evidence for behavioural disturbance of reindeer or forest ungulates under power lines. Forest ungulates could benefit from browsing in power line rights-of-way if they are managed to provide abundant and preferred forage as well as sufficient cover. However, power lines may facilitate access for hunters and predators. As a precaution, construction of power lines should be avoided in calving areas. To establish a causal relationship between the construction of power lines and potential avoidance, before-after-impact-control studies are recommended. More research is needed to make recommendations for the optimal design of power line networks.

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Effects of a power line on migration and range use of wild reindeer

Cited by 39 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Hunting on Response Behaviors of Wild Reindeer

Effects of Hunting on Response Behaviors of Wild Reindeer

Range Selection by Semi-Domesticated Reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus tarandus</i>) in Relation to Infrastructure and Human Activity in the Boreal Forest Environment, Northern Finland

The effects of power lines on ungulates and implications for power line routing and rights-of-way management

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